Distributed under Creative Commons Cc-by 4.0 Epidermal Cell Death in Frogs with Chytridiomycosis
Distributed under Creative Commons Cc-by 4.0 Epidermal Cell Death in Frogs with Chytridiomycosis
复制标题
根据知识共享 Cc-by 4.0 患有壶菌病的青蛙表皮细胞死亡分发
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
--
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Berger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Brannelly;A. Roberts;L. Skerratt;L. Berger
背景。两栖动物正在以惊人的速度减少，而减少的主要原因之一是传染病壶菌病。寄生真菌孢子囊发生在表皮细胞内，导致表皮破坏，但这些变化尚未得到很好的表征。细胞凋亡（计划性细胞死亡）可能是对宿主的破坏性反应，但也可能是某些细胞内感染的病原体清除机制。方法。在这项研究中，我们用壶菌病病原体实验感染了两种濒危两栖动物 Pseudophryne corroboree 和 Litoria verreauxii alpina。我们通过两种测定法量化表皮中的细胞死亡：末端转移酶介导的 dUTP 缺口末端标记 (TUNEL) 和 caspase 3/7。结果。细胞死亡与临床感染动物的感染负荷和发病率呈正相关。在受感染的两栖动物中，TUNEL 阳性细胞集中在表皮层，这与皮肤内感染的定位相关。 Caspase 活性在感染早期稳定且较低，此时病原体负荷较轻但不断增加。在从感染中恢复的动物中，随着感染的清除，半胱天冬酶活性逐渐恢复正常。然而，在没有恢复的两栖动物中，当感染量达到峰值时，半胱天冬酶活性急剧增加。讨论。细胞死亡增加可能是真菌寄生虫的一种病理，可能导致皮肤稳态功能丧失，但病原体最初也可能利用细胞凋亡抑制来帮助建立感染。进一步的研究应该探索真菌感染过程中细胞死亡的具体机制，更具体地说是细胞凋亡的调节。
Background. Amphibians are declining at an alarming rate, and one of the major causes of decline is the infectious disease chytridiomycosis. Parasitic fungal sporangia occur within epidermal cells causing epidermal disruption, but these changes have not been well characterised. Apoptosis (planned cell death) can be a damaging response to the host but may alternatively be a mechanism of pathogen removal for some intracellular infections. Methods. In this study we experimentally infected two endangered amphibian species Pseudophryne corroboree and Litoria verreauxii alpina with the causal agent of chytrid-iomycosis. We quantified cell death in the epidermis through two assays: terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) and caspase 3/7. Results. Cell death was positively associated with infection load and morbidity of clinically infected animals. In infected amphibians, TUNEL positive cells were concentrated in epidermal layers, correlating to the localisation of infection within the skin. Caspase activity was stable and low in early infection, where pathogen loads were light but increasing. In animals that recovered from infection, caspase activity gradually returned to normal as the infection cleared. Whereas, in amphibians that did not recover, caspase activity increased dramatically when infection loads peaked. Discussion. Increased cell death may be a pathology of the fungal parasite, likely contributing to loss of skin homeostatic functions, but it is also possible that apoptosis suppression may be used initially by the pathogen to help establish infection. Further research should explore the specific mechanisms of cell death and more specifically apoptosis regulation during fungal infection.
影响因子：
15.9
作者：
Kim, JM;Eckmann, L;Kagnoff, MF
通讯作者：
Kagnoff, MF