Managing the invisible : understanding and improving groundwater governance
Managing the invisible : understanding and improving groundwater governance
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管理无形的：了解和改善地下水治理
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Huntjens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Wijnen;B. Augeard;B. Hiller;Christopher S. Ward;P. Huntjens
地下水在生活、工农业供水中发挥着越来越重要的作用。随着管井的出现以及农业和市政用水需求的快速增长，近几十年来，全球地下水年采掘量从1950年的每年100立方公里增加到目前估计的每年约800立方公里（Wada et al., 2010; Margat, 2008）。如今，全球43%的灌溉（Siebert et al., 2010）、50%以上的饮用水供应（Zekster and Everett, 2004）以及全球很大一部分工业活动都依赖地下水。地下水除了能够满足日益增长的用水需求外，还为应对气候变化导致的气候变率增加提供了独特的机会。气候变化将对水文循环的所有组成部分产生影响，并导致地球上水的季节和地理分布发生变化。气候变化可能会对地下水资源产生负面影响，因为河流流量或降雨模式的变化导致地下水补给发生变化。在地表水资源可用性减少的情况下，气候变化还可能导致对地下水资源的压力增加。但地下水也具有适应气候变化的独特潜力，这主要是由于它具有缓冲气候变化加剧的潜力。
Groundwater is playing an increasingly important role in domestic, industrial and agricultural water supply. With the advent of the tube well and driven by the rapid growth of demand for agricultural and municipal water, annual global groundwater extraction has increased in recent decades from 100 km3 a year in 1950 to a current estimated use of about 800 km3 a year (Wada et al., 2010; Margat, 2008). Today, 43 percent of global irrigation (Siebert et al., 2010) as well as more than 50 percent of the world's drinking water supply (Zekster and Everett, 2004) and a large share of global industrial activity depend on groundwater. In addition to its capacity to answer growing water demand, groundwater also provides unique opportunities to cope with increased climate variability due to climate change. Climate change will have an impact on all components of the hydrological cycle and result in changes in the seasonal and geographical distribution of water on the planet. Climate change may negatively impact groundwater resources in case of changes in groundwater recharge due to changing river discharge or rainfall patterns. Climate change may also lead to an increased pressure on groundwater resources in case of reduced availability of surface water resources. But groundwater also has a unique potential to adapt to climate change, primarily as a result of its buffering potential against increased climate variability.