Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls
Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.128.1.78
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Bickel, WK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kirby, KN;Petry, NM;Bickel, WK
五十六例海洛因成瘾者和60例年龄匹配的对照组被提供了立即获得金钱奖励（11 - 80美元）和延迟1周至6个月后获得更大奖励（25 - 85美元）的选择。参与者有六分之一的机会赢得他们在一次随机选择的试验中选择的奖励。延迟折扣率是根据参与者的选择模式估计的。冲动的折扣模型（Ainslie，1975）表明延迟折扣率与冲动呈正相关。平均而言，海洛因成瘾者的折扣率是对照组的两倍（p = 0.004），并且折扣率与自我报告问卷测量的冲动性呈正相关（p <0.05）。结果提供外部效度的延迟折扣率作为衡量冲动，与药物滥用的特征。
Fifty-six heroin addicts and 60 age-matched controls were offered choices between monetary rewards ($11-$80) available immediately and larger rewards ($25-$85) available after delays ranging from 1 week to 6 months. Participants had a 1-in-6 chance of winning a reward that they chose on one randomly selected trial. Delay-discounting rates were estimated from the pattern of participants' choices. The discounting model of impulsiveness (Ainslie, 1975) implies that delay-discounting rates are positively correlated with impulsiveness. On average, heroin addicts' discount rates were twice those of controls (p = .004), and discount rates were positively correlated with impulsivity as measured by self-report questionnaires (p < .05). The results lend external validity to the delay-discounting rate as a measure of impulsiveness, a characteristic associated with substance abuse.