Economic consequences of the obese
Economic consequences of the obese
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DOI：
10.2337/db07-0633
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Runge, C. Ford
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Runge, C. Ford
肥胖的个人和社会成本有很多原因，其后果只能粗略预测。其中最具破坏性的是糖尿病发病率的增加，其中60%可直接归因于体重增加。现在全世界大约有10亿人超重或肥胖，而长期体重不足的人有8.5亿。据估计，全球糖尿病患者人数将从2000年的1.75亿增加到2030年的3.53亿，印度和中国合计占2050年总人数的24%。肥胖及其经济成本在三个层面上承担。在个人层面上，肥胖通过在许多方面限制个人机会来增加成本，其中只有一些可以量化。在工作场所（假设肥胖者有工作，但他们可能没有工作，部分原因是他们的身体状况），由于生产力损失、缺勤、表现不佳和较高的保险费，成本由雇主承担，总的来说是相当大的。最后，肥胖影响了地方、州和国家政府的支出，这些政府的项目补偿或覆盖了疾病和失业的部分私人和劳动力成本。
The private and social costs of obesity have many causes, and their consequences can be grimly predicted with only rough accuracy. Among the most devastating is the increased incidence of diabetes, of which 60% can be directly attributed to weight gain. There are now about one billion people worldwide who are overweight or obese, compared with 850 million who are chronically underweight. It is estimated that the number of people worldwide with diabetes will increase from 175 million in 2000 to 353 million in 2030, with India and China together accounting for 24% of the total in 2050. Obesity and its economic costs are borne on three levels. At an individual level, obesity imposes costs by limiting personal opportunity in many ways, only some of which can be quantified. In the workplace (assuming the obese are employed, which they may not be, due in part to their condition), costs are borne by employers due to lost productivity, absences, underperformance, and higher insurance premia, which in the aggregate are quite large. Finally, obesity affects expenditures by local, state, and national governments, where programs compensate for or cover some of the private and workforce costs of illness and unemployment.