Critical evaluation of soil contamination assessment methods for trace metals
Critical evaluation of soil contamination assessment methods for trace metals
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.035
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Desaules, Andre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Desaules, Andre
正确区分土壤中自然和人为微量金属含量对于评估土壤污染至关重要。严格概述了一系列评估方法。所有方法都依赖于自然内容参考值的假设。根据所采用的基于各种统计和地球化学程序的参考值，对三个弱污染场地应用的五种方法所显示的土壤污染评估结果存在相当大的范围和差异。这严重表明了他们的方法论高度特异性和偏见。没有任何具有场外参考值的方法可以识别所调查的痕量金属（Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、Ni）中的任何土壤污染，而特定且灵敏的现场参考方法可以在某些地点做到这一点。只要大量的假设是现实的并且所需的数据可靠，土壤剖面平衡被认为可以产生最合理的特定地点结果。这凸显了模型和数据不确定性之间的困境。然而，迄今为止，数据不确定性是土壤污染评估中一个被忽视的问题。模型的不确定性在很大程度上取决于特定地点对原始天然痕量金属含量的现实假设。因此，对土壤污染的适当评估是模型与数据不确定性以及规范与概括的微妙优化练习。目前尚无通用、准确的参考方法，土壤污染评估仍较为模糊，对后续风险评估的可靠性产生负面影响。 (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Correctly distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic trace metal contents in soils is crucial for assessing soil contamination. A series of assessment methods is critically outlined. All methods rely on assumptions of reference values for natural content. According to the adopted reference values, which are based on various statistical and geochemical procedures, there is a considerable range and discrepancy in the assessed soil contamination results as shown by the five methods applied to three weakly contaminated sites. This is a serious indication of their high methodological specificity and bias. No method with off-site reference values could identify any soil contamination in the investigated trace metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni), while the specific and sensitive on-site reference methods did so for some sites. Soil profile balances are considered to produce the most plausible site-specific results, provided the numerous assumptions are realistic and the required data reliable. This highlights the dilemma between model and data uncertainty. Data uncertainty, however, is a neglected issue in soil contamination assessment so far. And the model uncertainty depends much on the site-specific realistic assumptions of pristine natural trace metal contents. Hence, the appropriate assessment of soil contamination is a subtle optimization exercise of model versus data uncertainty and specification versus generalization. There is no general and accurate reference method and soil contamination assessment is still rather fuzzy, with negative implications for the reliability of subsequent risk assessments. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.