Platinum Availability for Future Automotive Technologies
Platinum Availability for Future Automotive Technologies
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DOI：
10.1021/es301110e
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发表时间：
2012-12-04
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Kirchain, Randolph E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alonso, Elisa;Field, Frank R.;Kirchain, Randolph E.
铂是一种很好的催化剂，可以在高温下使用，在许多侵蚀性的化学环境中都是稳定的。因此，铂被用于当前的许多工业应用，特别是汽车催化转化器，预计未来的汽车燃料电池将依赖于它。2005至2010年间，汽车行业使用了大约40%的开采铂金。未来汽车行业的增长和汽车销售向新技术的转变可能会显著改变铂金需求。通过对铂金市场特征的分析，描述了铂金的地球物理限制、机构效率和动态反应能力，评估了铂金供应减少的潜在风险。结果显示，达到450ppm温室气体稳定目标的汽车对铂的需求将要求在2025年前铂供应的历史增长率的10%以内。然而，这种车队在很大程度上是由于燃料电池汽车的销售增长，将在2050年期间更强烈地限制铂金供应。虽然目前的铂金储量足以满足这一增加的需求，但铂矿品位下降和铂金供应持续集中在一个地理区域是铂金最终用户的可用性风险因素。
Platinum is an excellent catalyst, can be used at high temperatures, and is stable in many aggressive chemical environments. Consequently, platinum is used in many current industrial applications, notably automotive catalytic converters, and prospective vehicle fuel cells are expected to rely upon it. Between 2005 and 2010, the automotive industry used approximately 40% of mined platinum. Future automotive industry growth and automotive sales shifts toward new technologies could significantly alter platinum demand. The potential risks for decreased platinum availability are evaluated, using an analysis of platinum market characteristics that describes platinum's geophysical constraints, institutional efficiency, and dynamic responsiveness. Results show that platinum demand for an automotive fleet that meets 450 ppm greenhouse gas stabilization goals would require within 10% of historical growth rates of platinum supply before 2025. However, such a fleet, due largely to sales growth in fuel cell vehicles, will more strongly constrain platinum supply in the 2050 time period. While current platinum reserves are sufficient to satisfy this increased demand, decreasing platinum ore grade and continued concentration of platinum supply in a single geographic area are availability risk factors to platinum end-users.