Evidence for a Localized Source of the Argon in the Lunar Exosphere

Evidence for a Localized Source of the Argon in the Lunar Exosphere
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月球外逸层中氩气局部来源的证据

DOI:
10.1002/2017je005352
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
Planets
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kegerreis J
Kegerreis J
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kegerreis J

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我们对月球氩外逸层的观测特征进行了各种解释,包括以下模型的首次测试:空间变化的表面相互作用;反映月球近表面钾分布的来源;以及随时间变化的冷阱区域。月球大气和尘埃环境探测器(LADEE)和月球大气成分实验(LACE)的测量数据被用来测试这些模型是否可以重现数据。空间变化的表面相互作用假设在以前的工作中不能再现持续的氩增强观测到的西玛丽亚。它们也无法与观测到的氩密度在日出附近达到峰值的当地时间相匹配,这在高地和海地区是相同的,并且可以通过简单的表面相互作用很好地再现,其普遍存在的解吸能为28 kJ mol−1。局部源可以解释观测结果,在意外的局部源或外逸层中氩原子意外的短暂寿命之间进行权衡。为了与观测结果相匹配,点状源需要1.9 × 1021 atoms −1的源和损失率。由近表面钾加权的更分散的来源需要更高的速率,为1.1 × 1022个原子s-1,对应的平均寿命仅为1.4个月球日。我们不解决产生本地化源的机制,但证明这似乎是唯一的模型,可以重现的意见。大的、季节性变化的冷阱可以解释LADEE观测到的全球氩密度的长期波动,但LACE观测不到。
We perform the first tests of various proposed explanations for observed features of the Moon's argon exosphere, including models of the following: spatially varying surface interactions; a source that reflects the lunar near‐surface potassium distribution; and temporally varying cold trap areas. Measurements from the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) and the Lunar Atmosphere Composition Experiment (LACE) are used to test whether these models can reproduce the data. The spatially varying surface interactions hypothesized in previous work cannot reproduce the persistent argon enhancement observed over the western maria. They also fail to match the observed local time of the near‐sunrise peak in argon density, which is the same for the highland and mare regions and is well reproduced by simple surface interactions with a ubiquitous desorption energy of 28 kJ mol−1. A localized source can explain the observations, with a trade‐off between an unexpectedly localized source or an unexpectedly brief lifetime of argon atoms in the exosphere. To match the observations, a point‐like source requires source and loss rates of ∼1.9 × 1021atoms s−1. A more diffuse source, weighted by the near‐surface potassium, requires much higher rates of ∼1.1 × 1022atoms s−1, corresponding to a mean lifetime of just 1.4 lunar days. We do not address the mechanism for producing a localized source, but demonstrate that this appears to be the only model that can reproduce the observations. Large, seasonally varying cold traps could explain the long‐term fluctuation in the global argon density observed by LADEE, but not that by LACE.
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