Reproductive parameters and cub survival of brown bears in the Rusha area of the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan.
Reproductive parameters and cub survival of brown bears in the Rusha area of the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0176251
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Tsubota T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shimozuru M;Yamanaka M;Nakanishi M;Moriwaki J;Mori F;Tsujino M;Shirane Y;Ishinazaka T;Kasai S;Nose T;Masuda Y;Tsubota T
了解物种的繁殖特征对于适当地保护和管理野生动物是至关重要的。本研究以长期的个体监测调查为基础，调查了日本北海道知冬半岛鲁沙地区的北海道棕熊(Ursus Arctos Yesoensis)的人口统计学参数，包括初产年龄、产仔数、出生间隔、繁殖率和幼崽存活率。从2006年到2016年，几乎每年都会观察到15只雌性智齿动物，这些观察结果被用来估计生殖参数。初产年龄为(5.3±0.2)岁(n=7，95%CI=5.0~5.6)。我们观察了15只熊46窝中的81只幼崽。产仔数1~3只，平均1.76±0.08(SE)只/窝(95%CI=1.61~1.91)。出生间隔为1~4年，平均为2.43(95%CI=2.16~2.76)年和2.53(95%CI=2.26~2.85)年。根据计算方法，生育率估计为0.70至0.76年轻出生/年/生殖成年女性。幼崽0.5~1.5年的存活率为60~73%。大多数幼崽的失踪发生在7月和8月，这表明幼崽的死亡主要是由于夏季营养不良。在柴藤子半岛的鲁沙地区观察到的所有生殖参数都在欧洲和北美报告的范围内，在初产年龄、产仔数和出生间隔时间上属于最低或最短的年龄，在繁殖率方面处于较高水平。
Knowing the reproductive characteristics of a species is essential for the appropriate conservation and management of wildlife. In this study, we investigated the demographic parameters, including age of primiparity, litter size, inter-birth interval, reproductive rate, and cub survival rate, of Hokkaido brown bears (Ursus arctos yesoensis) in the Rusha area on the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan, based on a long-term, individual-based monitoring survey. A total of 15 philopatric females were observed nearly every year from 2006 to 2016, and these observations were used to estimate reproductive parameters. The mean age of primiparity was 5.3 ± 0.2 (SE) years (n = 7, 95% CI = 5.0–5.6). We observed 81 cubs in 46 litters from 15 bears. Litter size ranged from one to three cubs, and averaged 1.76 ± 0.08 (SE) cubs/litter (95% CI = 1.61–1.91). Inter-birth intervals ranged from 1 to 4 years, and the mean value was estimated as 2.43 (95% CI = 2.16–2.76) and 2.53 (95% CI = 2.26–2.85) years in all litters and in litters that survived at least their first year, respectively. The reproductive rate was estimated from 0.70 to 0.76 young born/year/reproductive adult female, depending on the method of calculation. The cub survival rate between 0.5 and 1.5 years ranged from 60 to 73%. Most cub disappearances occurred in July and August, suggesting that cub mortality is mainly due to poor nutrition in the summer. All reproductive parameters observed in the Rusha area on the Shiretoko Peninsula fell within the range reported in Europe and North America, and were among the lowest or shortest age of primiparity, litter size, and inter-birth intervals, and ranked at a high level for reproductive rate.