Fuel flexible distributed combustion for efficient and clean gas turbine engines
Fuel flexible distributed combustion for efficient and clean gas turbine engines
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.052
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发表时间：
2013-09
期刊：
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
A. Khalil;A. Gupta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Khalil;A. Gupta
为了满足未来的电力需求，迫切需要燃料灵活的超低排放燃气轮机燃烧器。分布式燃烧技术被证明可以显着改善燃气轮机燃烧器的性能，包括在非常高的燃烧强度下整个燃烧室的均匀热场（改进的模式系数）、超低的NOx和CO排放、低噪音、增强的稳定性、更高的效率和减轻燃烧不稳定。在混合物点火之前，使用涡流实现分布式反应条件，以在燃烧器内喷射的空气、燃料和热反应气体之间实现理想的受控混合。在本文中，使用各种燃料进一步研究分布式燃烧。对涵盖广泛热值的气体（甲烷、稀释甲烷、富氢甲烷和丙烷）和液体燃料（包括传统燃料（煤油）和替代燃料（乙醇））进行了研究，重点是每种燃料的污染物排放和燃烧器性能。对于液体燃料，不使用雾化或喷雾装置。建立了不同燃料的性能评估，以概述燃烧器使用不同成分、相和热值的各种燃料的灵活性，特别关注超低污染物排放。给出了特定燃料在不同当量比下的污染物排放和 OH* 化学发光结果。在热（能量）释放强度（HRI）为 27MW/m3-atm 的各种燃料的新型预混合条件下，证明了近分布式燃烧条件下 NO 排放量低于 8PPM。以及相当高的0.6的当量比。较高的当量比缺乏有利的分布式燃烧条件。在相同条件下，每种燃料的二氧化碳排放量各不相同；甲烷基燃料的二氧化碳排放量低于 10 ppm，而较重的液体燃料的二氧化碳排放量低于 40 ppm。当量比较低时，NO 排放量也较低 (<4.5PPM)。该演示概述了燃烧器在保持高性能的同时无需对燃烧器喷射器进行任何修改即可实现燃料灵活性的能力。通过建立真正的分布式燃烧条件，特别是在更高的当量比下，可以进一步减少氮氧化物。
The need for fuel flexible ultra-low emission gas turbine combustors is imminent to secure future power needs. Distributed combustion technology is demonstrated to provide significant performance improvement of gas turbine combustors including uniform thermal field in the entire combustion chamber (improved pattern factor) at very high combustion intensity, ultra-low emission of NOxand CO, low noise, enhanced stability, higher efficiency and alleviation of combustion instability. Distributed reaction conditions were achieved using swirl for desirable controlled mixing between the injected air, fuel and hot reactive gases from within the combustor prior to mixture ignition. In this paper, distributed combustion is further investigated using a variety of fuels. Gaseous (methane, diluted methane, hydrogen enriched methane and propane) and liquid fuels, including both traditional (kerosene) and alternate fuels (ethanol) that cover a wide range of calorific values are investigated with emphasis on pollutants emission and combustor performance with each fuel. For liquid fuels, no atomization or spray device was used. Performance evaluation with the different fuels was established to outline the flexibility of the combustor using a wide range of fuels of different composition, phase and calorific value with specific focus on ultra-low pollutants emission. Results obtained on pollutants emission and OH*chemiluminescence for the specific fuels at various equivalence ratios are presented. Near distributed combustion conditions with less than 8PPM of NO emission were demonstrated under novel premixed conditions for the various fuels tested at heat (energy) release intensity (HRI) of 27MW/m3-atm. and a rather high equivalence ratio of 0.6. Higher equivalence ratios lacked favorable distributed combustion conditions. For the same conditions, CO emission varied for each fuel; less than 10ppm were demonstrated for methane based fuels, while heavier liquid fuels provided less than 40ppm CO emissions. Lower emissions of NO (<4.5PPM) were also demonstrated at lower equivalence ratios. This demonstration outlines the combustor ability for fuel flexibility without any modifications to the combustor injectors, while maintaining high performance. Further reduction of NOxcan be possible by establishing true distributed combustion condition, in particular at higher equivalence ratios.