Final Report, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Technical Investigation of the May 22, 2011, Tornado in Joplin, Missouri
Final Report, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Technical Investigation of the May 22, 2011, Tornado in Joplin, Missouri
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美国国家标准与技术研究所 (NIST) 对 2011 年 5 月 22 日密苏里州乔普林龙卷风的技术调查最终报告
DOI：
10.6028/nist.ncstar.3
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
D. Jorgensen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Kuligowski;Franklin T. Lombardo;L. Phan;M. Levitan;D. Jorgensen
这是美国国家标准与技术研究所（NIST）对2011年5月22日密苏里州乔普林龙卷风的调查的最终报告，该报告是根据《国家建筑安全小组法》进行的。该报告描述了龙卷风的风场以及风压和风载碎片如何损坏和摧毁数千座建筑物;龙卷风发生前和发生期间的紧急通信以及公众如何应对;龙卷风危害和公众反应以及建筑物和指定避难所区域的性能对生存和受伤的影响;以及现行建筑和应急通信法规、标准和做法中值得修订的领域。本报告还描述了NIST得出结论的方法。NIST收集了大量的文件、照片、视频和建筑平面图;开发了龙卷风穿过乔普林市时风场的计算机模型;分析了一系列建筑类型的生命安全和功能性能;采访了许多龙卷风幸存者，为公众应对龙卷风所做的决定和采取的行动制定了基于证据的解释;并分析了影响生命安全结局的因素。该报告概述了与2011年5月22日乔普林龙卷风有关的47项调查结果，并在改进龙卷风危害的测量和表征、建筑物抗龙卷风设计的新方法、加强社区龙卷风避难指导以及改进和标准化应急通信等领域提出了16项行动建议。
This is the final report of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) investigation of the May 22, 2011 tornado in Joplin, Missouri, conducted under the National Construction Safety Team Act. This report describes the wind field of the tornado and how the wind pressures and windborne debris damaged and destroyed thousands of buildings; the emergency communications before and during the tornado and how the public responded; the influence of tornado hazards and public response and building and designated shelter area performance on survival and injury; and areas of current building and emergency communications codes, standards and practices that warrant revision. Also described in this report is the means by which NIST reached its conclusions. NIST collected large numbers of documents, photographs, videos, and building plans; developed a computer model of the wind field of the tornado as it crossed the City of Joplin; analyzed the performance of a range of building types for life safety and functionality; interviewed many survivors of the tornado, developed an evidence–based explanation for decisions made and actions taken by the public in response to the tornado; and analyzed the factors affecting life safety outcomes. The report outlines 47 findings related to the May 22, 2011, Joplin tornado and concludes with a list of 16 recommendations for action in areas of improved measurement and characterization of tornado hazards, new methods for tornado resistant design of buildings, enhanced guidance for community tornado sheltering, and improved and standardized emergency communications.