The impact of driver distraction on road safety: results from a representative survey in two Australian states
The impact of driver distraction on road safety: results from a representative survey in two Australian states
复制标题
驾驶员分心对道路安全的影响：澳大利亚两个州的代表性调查结果
作者：
S. Mcevoy;Mark Stevenson;M. Woodward
目的：量化驾驶时分心活动的发生率和影响。设计：横断面驾驶员调查。地点：澳大利亚新南威尔士州和西澳大利亚州。参与者：1347名年龄在18至65岁之间的持牌司机。对数据进行加权，以反映相应的驾驶人群。主要结果测量：驾驶时分心活动的发生率;由于分心而导致的感知风险和不良后果。结果如下：在最近的驾驶行程中，最常见的分散注意力的活动是注意力不集中（加权百分比（标准误差，SE）71.8%（1.4%）的驾驶员）;调整车内设备（68.7%（1.5%））;外部人员，物体或事件（57.8%（1.6%））;和乘客交谈（39.8%（1.6%））。平均而言，每六分钟就有一名司机从事一次分散注意力的活动。在过去三年中，五分之一的事故（21%），涉及二十分之一的司机（5.0%（0.7%）），归因于司机分心基于自我报告。在所研究的人群中，这相当于242，188（SE 34，417）名司机。年轻的司机（18-30岁）更有可能报告分散注意力的活动，认为分散注意力的活动不太危险，并因此发生车祸。结论：驾驶时分心活动很常见，可能导致驾驶错误。驾驶员分心是造成撞车事故的重要原因。需要进一步的研究来估计不同的分散注意力的活动所带来的风险，以及活动造成最大风险的情况。这些结果表明，一个战略，以尽量减少分散注意力的活动，而驾驶，重点是年轻的司机，指示。
Objective: To quantify the prevalence and effects of distracting activities while driving. Design: Cross sectional driver survey. Setting: New South Wales and Western Australia, Australia. Participants: 1347 licensed drivers aged between 18 and 65 years. Data were weighted to reflect the corresponding driving population. Main outcome measures: Prevalence of distracting activities while driving; perceived risks and adverse outcomes due to distractions. Results: The most common distracting activities during the most recent driving trip were lack of concentration (weighted percentage (standard error, SE) 71.8% (1.4%) of drivers); adjusting in-vehicle equipment (68.7% (1.5%)); outside people, objects or events (57.8% (1.6%)); and talking to passengers (39.8% (1.6%)). On average, a driver engaged in a distracting activity once every six minutes. One in five crashes (21%) during the last three years, involving one in 20 drivers (5.0% (0.7%)), was attributed to driver distraction based on self-report. In the population under study, this equated to 242,188 (SE 34,417) drivers. Younger drivers (18–30 years) were significantly more likely to report distracting activities, to perceive distracting activities as less dangerous, and to have crashed as a result. Conclusions: Distracting activities while driving are common and can result in driving errors. Driver distraction is an important cause of crashes. Further research is needed to estimate the risk conferred by different distracting activities and the circumstances during which activities pose greatest risk. These results suggest that a strategy to minimize distracting activities while driving, with a focus on young drivers, is indicated.