GENDER-RELATED AND AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN HEART-RATE DYNAMICS - ARE WOMEN MORE COMPLEX THAN MEN
GENDER-RELATED AND AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN HEART-RATE DYNAMICS - ARE WOMEN MORE COMPLEX THAN MEN
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DOI：
10.1016/0735-1097(94)90177-5
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发表时间：
1994-12-01
影响因子：
24
通讯作者：
LIPSITZ, LA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
RYAN, SM;GOLDBERGER, AL;LIPSITZ, LA
目标。本研究旨在量化逐次心跳窦性心律心率波动的复杂动态，并确定其随性别和年龄变化的差异。背景。最近，心率变异性和心率动态的非线性“复杂性”的测量已被用作心血管健康的指标。由于女性比男性有更低的心血管风险和更长的寿命，因此我们假设逐次心跳心率动态存在重要的性别相关差异。方法。我们分析了健康年轻人（20至39岁）、中年人（40至64岁）和老年（65至90岁）男性（n = 40）和女性（n = 27）在进行自主节拍（15次呼吸/分钟）呼吸时的8分钟连续心电图记录期间的心率动态。使用频谱分析计算心率变异性的相对高（0.15 至 0.40 Hz）和低（0.01 至 0.15 Hz）频率分量。每个心率时间序列的总体“复杂性”通过其近似熵进行量化，近似熵是从非线性动力学（“混沌”理论）导出的规律性度量。结果。不同年龄组或性别之间的平均心率没有差异。男性和女性的高频心率功率和高/低频功率比均随着年龄的增长而下降（p < 0.05）。女性自主呼吸和节拍呼吸期间的高/低频功率比高于男性 (p < 0.05)。心率近似熵随着年龄的增长而降低，并且女性高于男性 (p < 0.05)。结论。女性的高频心率频谱功率（与副交感神经活动相关）和心率动态的整体复杂性高于男性。这些补充发现表明需要考虑心率动态中与性别和年龄相关的差异。这些性别差异是否与女性较低的心血管疾病风险和较长的寿命有关，需要进一步研究。
Objectives. This study aimed to quantify the complex dynamics of beat-to beat sinus rhythm heart rate fluctuations and to determine their differences as a function of gender and age.Background. Recently, measures of heart rate variability and the nonlinear ''complexity'' of heart rate dynamics have been used as indicators of cardiovascular health. Because women have lower cardiovascular risk and greater longevity than men, we postulated that there are important gender related differences in beat-to beat heart rate dynamics.Methods. We analyzed heart rate dynamics during 8-min segments of continuous electrocardiographic recording in healthy young (20 to 39 years old), middle aged (40 to 64 years old) and elderly (65 to 90 years old) men (n = 40) and women (n = 27) while they performed spontaneous and metronomic (15 breaths/min) breathing. Relatively high (0.15 to 0.40 Hz) and low (0.01 to 0.15 Hz) frequency components of heart rate variability were computed using spectral analysis. The overall ''complexity'' of each heart rate time series was quantified by its approximate entropy, a measure of regularity derived from nonlinear dynamics (''chaos'' theory).Results. Mean heart rate did not differ between the age groups or genders. High frequency heart rate power and the high/low frequency power ratio decreased with age in both men and women (p < 0.05). The high/low frequency power ratio during spontaneous and metronomic breathing was greater in women than men (p < 0.05). Heart rate approximate entropy decreased with age and was higher in women than men (p < 0.05).Conclusions. High frequency heart rate spectral power (associated with parasympathetic activity) and the overall complexity of heart rate dynamics are higher in women than men. These complementary findings indicate the need to account for gender-as well as age-related differences in heart rate dynamics. Whether these gender differences are related to lower cardiovascular disease risk and greater longevity in women requires further study.