The Association between Noise, Cortisol and Heart Rate in a Small-Scale Gold Mining Community-A Pilot Study.
The Association between Noise, Cortisol and Heart Rate in a Small-Scale Gold Mining Community-A Pilot Study.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph120809952
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发表时间：
2015-08-21
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Neitzel RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Green A;Jones AD;Sun K;Neitzel RL
2013年，我们在加纳东北部的一个小规模金矿村进行了一项关于唾液皮质醇、心率和个人噪声暴露的横断面试点研究。受试者在早晨和晚上之间的皮质醇水平变化显示，皮质醇在一天中的下降幅度相对较低（-1.44 ± 4.27 nmol/L，n = 18），这与慢性应激一致。多元线性回归，调整年龄，性别，吸烟状况，和样本之间的时间表明，0.25 nmol/L的皮质醇从下午到晚上每增加1 dBA的等效连续噪声暴露（Leq）在此期间（95% CI：0.08-0.42，调整R2 = 0.502，n = 17）。调整年龄和性别的混合效应线性回归模型表明，Leq每增加1 dB，每分钟心跳次数（BPM）显著增加0.29次。使用标准差（SD）作为变异的度量，并在采样期间对年龄和性别进行调整，我们发现，随着时间的推移，噪声变异（Leq SD）增加1 dBA与心率SD增加0.5 BPM相关（95% CI：0.04-−0.9，R2 = 0.229，n = 16）。噪声水平始终较高，24小时平均Leq暴露范围为56.9 - 92.0 dBA，平均每日Leq为82.2 ± 7.3 dBA（平均监测持续时间为22.1 ± 1.9小时，n = 22）。95%的参与者的24小时平均Leq噪声水平超过70 dBA世界卫生组织（WHO）预防听力损失的指导水平。这些研究结果表明，小规模采矿社区可能面临多种潜在的附加健康风险，这些风险尚未得到很好的记录，包括听力损失和压力和噪音对心血管的影响。
We performed a cross-sectional pilot study on salivary cortisol, heart rate, and personal noise exposures in a small-scale gold mining village in northeastern Ghana in 2013. Cortisol level changes between morning and evening among participants showed a relatively low decline in cortisol through the day (−1.44 ± 4.27 nmol/L, n = 18), a pattern consistent with chronic stress. A multiple linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and time between samples indicated a significant increase of 0.25 nmol/L cortisol from afternoon to evening per 1 dBA increase in equivalent continuous noise exposure (Leq) over that period (95% CI: 0.08–0.42, Adj R2 = 0.502, n = 17). A mixed effect linear regression model adjusting for age and sex indicated a significant increase of 0.29 heart beats per minute (BPM) for every 1 dB increase in Leq. Using standard deviations (SDs) as measures of variation, and adjusting for age and sex over the sampling period, we found that a 1 dBA increase in noise variation over time (Leq SD) was associated with a 0.5 BPM increase in heart rate SD (95% CI: 0.04–−0.9, Adj. R2 = 0.229, n = 16). Noise levels were consistently high, with 24-hour average Leq exposures ranging from 56.9 to 92.0 dBA, with a mean daily Leq of 82.2 ± 7.3 dBA (mean monitoring duration 22.1 ± 1.9 hours, n = 22). Ninety-five percent of participants had 24-hour average Leq noise levels over the 70 dBA World health Organization (WHO) guideline level for prevention of hearing loss. These findings suggest that small-scale mining communities may face multiple, potentially additive health risks that are not yet well documented, including hearing loss and cardiovascular effects of stress and noise.