The Life Cycle of Fasciola hepatica
The Life Cycle of Fasciola hepatica
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肝片形吸虫的生命周期
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Andrews
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Andrews
片形吸虫病是家畜（特别是牛和羊）的一种经济上重要的疾病，有时也影响人类。该疾病是由片形吸虫属的双殖吸虫引起的，通常称为肝吸虫。最常被认为是片形吸虫病病原体的两个物种是肝片形吸虫病和巨大片形吸虫病（片形吸虫科）。 F. hepatica 分布于世界各地，但主要分布在温带地区，而 F. gigantica 则分布在大多数大陆，主要是热带地区。吸虫纲属于扁形动物门，可分为两个亚纲：双殖亚纲和蜘蛛腹亚纲。 Digenea 的特点是复杂的生命周期，其中涉及一个或多个中间宿主。生命周期存在许多变异，但每种变异通常包括发生幼虫繁殖的软体动物初级或中间宿主，以及发生有性繁殖的脊椎动物最终或终宿主。片形科的成员是雌雄同体，可以进行自体受精，尽管有性繁殖通常是通过最终宿主的异体受精进行的。发现肝镰刀菌生命周期的故事以前已经叙述过；因此这里只做一个简短的介绍。主要发现如表 1.1 所示。对于成功完成生命周期而言，所涉及的生物学因素将在本章第二部分讨论。有关生命周期许多方面的其他详细信息将在后续章节中更深入地介绍。
Fasciolosis is an economically important disease of domestic livestock, in particular cattle and sheep, and occasionally man. The disease is caused by digenean trematodes of the genus Fasciola, commonly referred to as liver flukes. The two species most commonly implicated as the aetiological agents of fasciolosis are F. hepatica and F. gigantica (family Fasciolidae). F. hepatica has a worldwide distribution but predominates in temperate zones while F. gigantica is found on most continents, primarily in tropical regions. The class Trematoda belongs to the phylum Platyhelminthes, and can be divided into two subclasses, the Digenea and Aspidogastrea. The Digenea are characterized by a complex life cycle in which one or more intermediate hosts are involved. Many variations on the life cycle exist, but each typically includes a molluscan primary or intermediate host in which larval multiplication occurs, and a vertebrate final or definitive host in which sexual reproduction occurs. Members of the family Fasciolidae are hermaphroditic and self-fertilization can occur, although sexual reproduction is normally by cross-fertilization in the final host. The story of the discovery of the life cycle of F. hepatica has been recounted before; therefore only a short account will be given here. A list of the principal discoveries is shown in Table 1.1. Integral to the successful completion of the life cycle, the biological factors involved will be discussed in the second part of the chapter. Additional details on many of the aspects of the life cycle will be covered in more depth in subsequent chapters.