Scale-Dependent Asymptotic Models for Atmospheric Flows
Scale-Dependent Asymptotic Models for Atmospheric Flows
复制标题
大气流动的尺度相关渐近模型
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Klein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Klein
大气流的长度尺度从 10?5 到 105 m，时间尺度从微秒到几周或更长时间。对于几公里和几分钟以上的尺度，存在由大气热分层、重力和地球自转的影响以及大气流马赫数通常很小的事实引起的自然尺度分离。理论气象学的一个中心目标是了解相关的特定尺度流动现象，例如内部重力波、斜压不稳定性、罗斯贝波、云形成和潮湿对流、（反）气旋天气模式、飓风和热带地区的各种相互作用的波。单尺度渐近产生简化的方程组，捕捉这些特定尺度过程的本质。对于跨尺度相互作用的研究，多尺度渐近技术近年来得到了越来越多的认可。本文回顾了最突出的尺度和相关的尺度相关模型，并总结了最近的多尺度发展。
Atmospheric flows feature length scales from 10?5 to 105 m and timescales from microseconds to weeks or more. For scales above several kilometers and minutes, there is a natural scale separation induced by the atmosphere’s thermal stratification, together with the influences of gravity and Earth’s rotation, and the fact that atmospheric-flow Mach numbers are typically small. A central aim of theoretical meteorology is to understand the associated scale-specific flow phenomena, such as internal gravity waves, baroclinic instabilities, Rossby waves, cloud formation and moist convection, (anti-)cyclonic weather patterns, hurricanes, and a variety of interacting waves in the tropics. Single-scale asymptotics yields reduced sets of equations that capture the essence of these scale-specific processes. For studies of interactions across scales, techniques of multiple-scales asymptotics have received increasing recognition in recent years. This article recounts the most prominent scales and associated scale-dependent models and summarizes recent multiple-scales developments.