Persistent, mobile and toxic substances in the environment: a spotlight on current research and regulatory activities
Persistent, mobile and toxic substances in the environment: a spotlight on current research and regulatory activities
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DOI：
10.1186/s12302-019-0286-x
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发表时间：
2020-01-18
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Reemtsma, Thorsten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ruedel, Heinz;Koerner, Wolfgang;Reemtsma, Thorsten
某些持久性和极性物质可能对饮用水资源造成危害。为了促进该领域的知识交流，德国化学会 (GDCh) 环境化学和生态毒理学部环境监测工作组在 2018 年 12 月的会议上讨论了环境中持久性、移动性和有毒化学品（PMT 物质）的重要性和相关性。五位口头发言不仅强调了各个方面，例如根据某些特性识别潜在的 PMT 物质及其在欧洲 REACH 法规下可能的监管，还强调了 PMT 物质分析和环境监测结果的当前进展。所提供的数据证明，可以在地表水中检测到许多持久性和移动性物质。正如巴伐利亚地表水中 1,4-二恶烷的案例研究所示，一旦检测到，确定其来源并减少投入可能会变得复杂且成本高昂。这同样适用于从用于饮用水生产的原水中去除极性物质。如今，分析方法的科学进步使得识别和定量水样中极性物质变得更加容易。除了关键化学品的靶向分析外，非靶向筛选也发挥着越来越重要的作用。这开辟了检测水样中的物质的可能性，这些物质以前在常规监测和测试其与人类和环境的相关性时未曾研究过。然而，尚未调查的潜在PM物质清单仍然很长。这里似乎有必要进一步改进方法。鉴于环境中存在 PMT 物质（例如三氟乙酸和 1,4-二恶烷）的证据以及饮用水提取的潜在风险，考虑到预防原则，识别并优先考虑相关 REACH 注册物质似乎很重要。评估应基于化合物的固有特性和排放潜力。欧洲层面提出的一项详细提案的实施，旨在在 REACH 背景下监管 PMT 和高持久性和高流动性 (vPvM) 物质，这将确保根据 PMT 和 vPvM 标准被确定为高度关注物质的化学品在未来受到授权。
Certain persistent and polar substances may pose a hazard to drinking water resources. To foster the knowledge exchange in this field the Working Group Environmental Monitoring of the German Chemical Society (GDCh) Division Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology discussed at their meeting in December 2018 the significance and relevance of persistent, mobile and toxic chemicals (PMT substances) in the environment. Five oral contributions highlighted not only various aspects such as the identification of potential PMT substances based on certain properties and their possible regulation under the European REACH regulation, but also current developments in the analysis of PMT substances and results from environmental monitoring. The data presented prove that many persistent and mobile substances can be detected in surface waters. Once detected, it can be complex and costly to identify sources and reduce inputs, as a case study on 1,4-dioxane in Bavarian surface waters shows. The same applies to the removal of polar substances from raw water for drinking water production. Today, scientific advances in analytical methods make it easier to identify and quantify even very polar substances in water samples. In addition to the targeted analysis of critical chemicals, non-target screening is playing an increasingly important role. This opens up the possibility of detecting substances in water samples that have not previously been investigated in routine monitoring and testing their relevance for humans and the environment. However, the list of potentially occurring PM substances that have not yet been investigated is still very long. Further methodological improvements seem necessary here. In view of the evidence for the presence of PMT substances in the environment (e.g., trifluoroacetic acid and 1,4-dioxane) and the potential risks for drinking water abstraction, it seems important under consideration of the precautionary principle to identify and prioritise relevant REACH-registered substances. The assessment should be based on the intrinsic properties and the emission potential of the compounds. The implementation of a detailed proposal made at European level to regulate PMT and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances in the context of REACH would ensure that chemicals identified as being substances of very high concern according to the PMT and vPvM criteria are subject to authorisation in future.