Actin bundles play a different role in shaping scales compared to bristles in the mosquito Aedes aegypti
Actin bundles play a different role in shaping scales compared to bristles in the mosquito Aedes aegypti
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-71911-0
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发表时间：
2020-09-10
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Abdu, Uri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Djokic, Sanja;Bakhrat, Anna;Abdu, Uri
昆虫的上皮细胞含有细胞的延伸物，如刚毛、毛和鳞片。这些细胞延伸是形态和功能不同的同源结构。它们含有决定其细胞形态的肌动蛋白束。虽然组织，功能和身份的主要肌动蛋白捆绑蛋白的刚毛和毛发是已知的，这方面的信息是未知的规模。在这项研究中，我们的特点的发展规模和肌动蛋白束在蚊子，埃及伊蚊的作用。我们发现，鳞片在发育过程中发生了剧烈的形态变化，从圆柱形到扁平状，膜内陷较长。鳞片肌动蛋白束的分布从位于整个刚毛膜的肌动蛋白束的对称组织变化为不对称组织。通过化学抑制肌动蛋白聚合，并通过CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑敲除蚊子中的分叉基因（Ae-Forked;一种已知的肌动蛋白捆绑蛋白），我们发现肌动蛋白束是形成刚毛，毛发和鳞片形态所必需的。我们证明，肌动蛋白束和Ae叉所需的刚毛伸长，但不是鳞片。在鳞片中，肌动蛋白束是形成宽度所必需的。总之，我们的研究结果首次揭示了蚊子鳞片形成的发育过程以及肌动蛋白束和肌动蛋白束蛋白在鳞片形态发生中的作用。此外，我们的研究结果表明，虽然规模和刚毛被认为是同源的结构，肌动蛋白束有不同的要求，在塑造蚊子鳞片相比，刚毛。
Insect epithelial cells contain cellular extensions such as bristles, hairs, and scales. These cellular extensions are homologous structures that differ in morphology and function. They contain actin bundles that dictate their cellular morphology. While the organization, function, and identity of the major actin-bundling proteins in bristles and hairs are known, this information on scales is unknown. In this study, we characterized the development of scales and the role of actin bundles in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. We show that scales undergo drastic morphological changes during development, from a cylindrical to flat shape with longer membrane invagination. Scale actin-bundle distribution changes from the symmetrical organization of actin bundles located throughout the bristle membrane to an asymmetrical organization. By chemically inhibiting actin polymerization and by knocking out the forked gene in the mosquito (Ae-Forked; a known actin-bundling protein) by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we showed that actin bundles are required for shaping bristle, hair, and scale morphology. We demonstrated that actin bundles and Ae-Forked are required for bristle elongation, but not for that of scales. In scales, actin bundles are required for width formation. In summary, our results reveal, for the first time, the developmental process of mosquito scale formation and also the role of actin bundles and actin-bundle proteins in scale morphogenesis. Moreover, our results reveal that although scale and bristle are thought to be homologous structures, actin bundles have a differential requirement in shaping mosquito scales compared to bristles.