Tuning the Structure, Conductivity, and Wettability of Laser-Induced Graphene for Multiplexed Open Microfluidic Environmental Biosensing and Energy Storage Devices
Tuning the Structure, Conductivity, and Wettability of Laser-Induced Graphene for Multiplexed Open Microfluidic Environmental Biosensing and Energy Storage Devices
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/acsnano.1c04197
复制
发表时间：
2022-01-25
期刊：
影响因子：
17.1
通讯作者：
Claussen, Jonathan C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Bolin;Johnson, Zachary T.;Claussen, Jonathan C.
微流体和电化学电池的集成处于新兴传感器和能源系统的最前沿;然而，仍然缺乏可以以可扩展的方式创建微流体和电化学电池的制造方案。我们提出了一个一步，无掩模的过程中创建，图案，并调整激光诱导石墨烯（LIG）与无处不在的CO2激光。调整激光参数以产生具有不同电导率、表面形态和表面润湿性的LIG，而不需要进行后化学改性。这种对材料性质的确定性控制使得能够产生基于LIG的集成开放式微流体和电化学传感器，其能够将单个水样品沿着四个多分叉路径分成三个离子选择性电极（ISE）用于钾（K+）、硝酸盐（NO3-）和铵（NH 4+）监测，并且分成酶农药传感器用于有机磷酸盐农药（NH 4+）监测。离子选择性电极显示出接近能斯特的灵敏度和较低的检测限（LOD）（K+、NO3-和NH 4+离子选择性电极分别为10（-5.01）M、10（-5.07）M和10（-4.89）M），而农药传感器显示出迄今为止电化学离子传感器的最低检测限（15.4 pM）。LIG还被专门图案化和调整，以创建高性能电化学微型超级电容器（MSC），与基于锂的薄膜电池相比，其能够将功率密度提高2个数量级，并且与商业电解电容器相比，其能量密度提高3个数量级。因此，LIG的这种可调制造方法有望实现广泛的实时、使用点健康和环境传感器以及能量存储/收集模块。
The integration of microfluidics and electrochemical cells is at the forefront of emerging sensors and energy systems; however, a fabrication scheme that can create both the microfluidics and electrochemical cells in a scalable fashion is still lacking. We present a one-step, mask-free process to create, pattern, and tune laser-induced graphene (LIG) with a ubiquitous CO2 laser. The laser parameters are adjusted to create LIG with different electrical conductivity, surface morphology, and surface wettability without the need for postchemical modification. Such definitive control over material properties enables the creation of LIG-based integrated open microfluidics and electrochemical sensors that are capable of dividing a single water sample along four multifurcating paths to three ion selective electrodes (ISEs) for potassium (K+), nitrate (NO3-), and ammonium (NH4+) monitoring and to an enzymatic pesticide sensor for organophosphate pesticide (parathion) monitoring. The ISEs displayed near-Nernstian sensitivities and low limits of detection (LODs) (10(-5.01) M, 10(-5.07) M, and 10(-4.89) M for the K+, NO3-, and NH4+ ISEs, respectively) while the pesticide sensor exhibited the lowest LOD (15.4 pM) for an electrochemical parathion sensor to date. LIG was also specifically patterned and tuned to create a high-performance electrochemical micro supercapacitor (MSC) capable of improving the power density by 2 orders of magnitude compared to a Li-based thin-film battery and the energy density by 3 orders of magnitude compared to a commercial electrolytic capacitor. Hence, this tunable fabrication approach to LIG is expected to enable a wide range of real-time, point-of-use health and environmental sensors as well as energy storage/harvesting modules.