The importance of the gestation period for welfare of lambs: maternal stressors and lamb vigour and wellbeing
The importance of the gestation period for welfare of lambs: maternal stressors and lamb vigour and wellbeing
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DOI：
10.1017/s002185961400077x
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发表时间：
2014-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
John Rooke;Gareth Arnott;Cathy M. Dwyer;K. M. Rutherford
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文献类型：
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作者：
John Rooke;Gareth Arnott;Cathy M. Dwyer;K. M. Rutherford
总结产前时期对于定义个人一生如何应对环境至关重要。怀孕雌性所经历的压力已被证明对后代的行为、健康和生产力有不利影响。绵羊被广泛用作人类研究的模式物种。然而，在养殖环境中，对母羊施加产前压力对羔羊的影响却很少受到关注。怀孕母羊最常接触的压力源包括次优营养和与住房，畜牧业和环境相关的压力，这些压力可能是急性或慢性的。通过对文献的系统回顾，确定了与生产相关的母体压力源和羔羊结局的材料。目前的审查集中在羔羊断奶100天左右的年龄和结果清楚地表明，压力施加在母羊后代福利和性能的影响。母亲营养不良（UN）在怀孕的最后三分之一一贯损害羔羊出生体重和随后的活力和性能，而早期联合国有一个变量的影响性能。饲喂上述要求的母羊对羔羊的生产性能和福利没有积极的影响。社会和畜牧业的压力，如运输，剪切，混合和生理治疗，旨在模拟急性应激，这将被认为是不利的母羊有积极或中性的影响，羔羊，突出了潜在的冲突之间的福利母羊和她的羔羊。这次审查还确定了相当大的知识差距，特别是在怀孕期间的疾病对母羊的影响和不同的压力和母羊和羔羊的反应之间的相互作用。
SUMMARY The prenatal period is of critical importance in defining how individuals respond to their environment throughout life. Stress experienced by pregnant females has been shown to have detrimental effects on offspring behaviour, health and productivity. The sheep has been used extensively as a model species to inform human studies. However, in the farmed environment, the consequences for the lamb of the imposition of prenatal stresses upon the ewe have received much less attention. The stressors that pregnant ewes are most frequently exposed to include sub-optimal nutrition and those related to housing, husbandry and environment which may be either acute or chronic. A systematic review of the literature was adopted to identify material which had production-relevant maternal stressors and lamb outcomes. The current review focussed upon the lamb up to weaning around the age of 100 days and the results clearly demonstrate that stressors imposed upon the ewe have implications for offspring welfare and performance. Maternal under-nutrition (UN) in the last third of pregnancy consistently impaired lamb birth-weight and subsequent vigour and performance, while earlier UN had a variable effect on performance. Feeding the ewe above requirements did not have positive effects on lamb performance and welfare. Social and husbandry stressors such as transport, shearing, mixing and physiological treatments designed to mimic acute stress which would be considered disadvantageous for the ewe had positive or neutral effects for the lamb, highlighting a potential conflict between the welfare of the ewe and her lamb. This review also identified considerable gaps in knowledge, particularly in respect of the impact of disease upon the ewe during pregnancy and interactions between different stressors and the responses of ewe and lamb.