Patterns of predation by chimpanzees on red colobus monkeys in Gombe National Park, 1982-1991.
Patterns of predation by chimpanzees on red colobus monkeys in Gombe National Park, 1982-1991.
复制标题
1982-1991 年贡贝国家公园黑猩猩捕食红疣猴的模式。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
J. Goodall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Stanford;J. Wallis;H. Matama;J. Goodall;J. Goodall
野生黑猩猩的捕食模式是关于狩猎在早期原始人类行为中的作用的持续争论的重要证据。本文介绍了1982年至1991年坦桑尼亚贡贝国家公园中红疣猴和黑猩猩的捕食-被捕食生态学数据。在此期间，黑猩猩被观察到杀死了429种哺乳动物的猎物，其中350种是红疣猴。在71.5%的红疣猴遭遇中，黑猩猩进行了狩猎，在52.2%的狩猎中至少捕获了一只疣猴。狩猎在所有月份都有，但在旱季后期的8月和9月最频繁，在雨季的4月和5月最少。1982年至1991年，贡贝的狩猎季节性比以前报告的要大。狩猎成功率在雨季的40%和旱季的65%之间变化。据报道，有60起多人死亡的疣猴，其中2至7人死亡。大约75%的疣猴被捕获的未成年人，青少年是最捕食的年龄组。成年和青春期的雄性黑猩猩占所有猎杀的89.3%;成年雌性黑猩猩占10.7%，比前十年报道的雌性黑猩猩4%的数字有所增加。狩猎表现出强烈的“狂欢”倾向，狂欢的解释可能与社会而不是生态因素有关。这些结果进行了讨论，根据早期狩猎数据的贡贝黑猩猩，并与其他黑猩猩实地研究的数据进行比较。
Predatory patterns in wild chimpanzees are important evidence in the continuing debate about the role of hunting in the behavior of early hominids. Data are presented on the predator-prey ecology of red colobus monkeys Colobus badius tephrosceles) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, from 1982 through 1991. During this period chimpanzees were observed to kill 429 mammalian prey items, 350 of which were red colobus. Hunts were undertaken by chimpanzees in 71.5% of encounters with red colobus, and in 52.2% of all hunts at least one colobus was caught. Hunting occurred in all months, but its frequency peaked in the late dry season months of August and September, and was lowest in the rainy months of April and May. There was greater seasonality of hunting from 1982 to 1991 than previously reported for Gombe. Hunting success varied between 40% in the rainy season and 65% in the dry season. Sixty multiple kills of colobus were reported in which from two to seven colobus were killed. Approximately 75% of all colobus caught were immatures; juveniles were the most preyed upon age class. Adult and adolescent male chimpanzees made 89.3% of all kills; the 10.7% of kills made by adult females was an increase over the 4% figure for female kills reported in the preceding decade. Hunting showed a strong "binge" tendency, with the explanation for binges likely related to social rather than ecological factors. These results are discussed in light of earlier hunting data for Gombe chimpanzees, and compared with data from other chimpanzee field studies.