EVOLUTION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION OF DUPLICATE GENES AFTER POLYPLOIDIZATION
EVOLUTION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION OF DUPLICATE GENES AFTER POLYPLOIDIZATION
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01732026
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
WHITT, GS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FERRIS, SD;WHITT, GS
自从多倍体化事件产生了catostomid家族的鱼类以来，在5000万年的时间里，编码同工酶的重复基因经历了不同的命运。这些重复基因的调控进化有充分的机会。大约一半的重复基因在这段时间内失去了表达。在剩余的重复基因中，大多数在成体组织内和成体组织之间的表达有不同程度的差异。重复基因表达的分歧模式与调控基因突变的积累一致。基因表达的分歧程度与这些位点同工酶的遗传变异水平之间没有相关性，这与调控基因和结构基因进化的速率是解耦的这一观点是一致的。重复基因表达的差异程度在组织、酶和物种之间变化。小的相关性被发现在一个物种内的重复基因表达的分歧的程度和它的程度的形态“保守主义”，虽然物种对越来越远的分类不太可能共享特定模式的差异基因表达。已经提出了几种差异基因表达模式的可能起源系统发育时间。一些模式的差异基因表达已经演变在最近的进化时期，是特定的一个或几个物种，而至少有一个模式的差异基因表达是目前在几乎所有的物种，并可能出现后不久的多倍化事件。通过多倍化形成的多位点同工酶为研究负责维持重复基因的力量以及这些曾经相同的基因向新的空间和时间特异性调控模式的进化提供了有用的模型系统。
In the 50 million years since the polyploidization event that gave rise to the catostomid family of fishes the duplicate genes encoding isozymes have undergone different fates. Ample opportunity has been available for regulatory evolution of these duplicate genes. Approximately half the duplicate genes have lost their expressions during this time. Of the duplicate genes remaining, the majority have diverged to different extents in their expression within and among adult tissues. The pattern of divergence of duplicate gene expression is consistent with the accumulation of mutations at regulatory genes. The absence of a correlation of extent of divergence of gene expression with the level of genetic variability for isozymes at these loci is consistent with the view that the rates of regulatory gene and structural gene evolution are uncoupled. The magnitude of divergence of duplicate gene expressions varies among tissues, enzymes, and species. Little correlation was found with the extent of divergence of duplicate gene expression within a species and its degree of morphological “conservatism”, although species pairs which are increasingly taxonomically distant are less likely to share specific patterns of differential gene expression. Probable phylogenetic times of origin of several patterns of differential gene expression have been proposed. Some patterns of differential gene expression have evolved in recent evolutionary times and are specific to one or a few species, whereas at least one pattern of differential gene expression is present in nearly all species and probably arose soon after the polyploidization event. Multilocus isozymes, formed by polyploidization, provide a useful model system for studying the forces responsible for the maintenance of duplicate genes and the evolution of these once identical genes to new spatially and temporally specific patterns of regulation.