Point-To-Multipoint Path Establishment Schemes To Support Multicasting In WDM Networks
Point-To-Multipoint Path Establishment Schemes To Support Multicasting In WDM Networks
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发表时间：
1999
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通讯作者：
R. Melhem;T. Znati;Tawfig Alrabiah
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作者：
R. Melhem;T. Znati;Tawfig Alrabiah
下一代互联网多媒体应用将增加对高吞吐量和低延迟的需求。波分复用（WDM）光网络通过提供前所未有的高带宽，有可能实现这两个目标。新的互联网服务的一个非常重要的方面是对多播的支持。因此，如果WDM网络要在下一代互联网中发挥有效的作用，对多播的支持就变得至关重要。在支持多媒体应用的WDM网络中，组播可以看作是接收一组通信请求并选择一棵在带宽和端到端延迟方面满足底层应用的12服务质量（QoS）要求的组播树的过程。在本文中，我们提出了一类新的低成本、有界延迟的多播启发式算法。启发式使用各种技术来建立源节点和一组目标节点之间的半光路径树。这些启发式算法的独特之处在于，它们将建立组播树的成本与传输路径中间节点上由于光波转换和处理而产生的数据传输延迟解耦。下一代互联网（NGI）技术将在很大程度上受到高吞吐量和低延迟需求的推动。光网络具有实现这两个目标的潜力，通过在没有电感和电容负载的介质中提供前所未有的带宽，从而放松了对带宽-距离乘积的限制[10,15]。光纤可用于在低衰减通带中传输太赫兹信号，同时保持低错误率和对噪声的低灵敏度[2,11]。尽管不同类型的光子交换网络已经被报道和证明，波分复用（WDM）已经成为互连网络中最具吸引力的数据传输方法之一[5,11,7,19]。WDM将光纤链路频谱分成几个通道，每个通道对应一个不同的波长。一个输入端口的输入波长可以路由到一个或多个输出端口。然而，由于电磁干扰，来自两个不同输入端口的相同波长不能路由到同一个输出端口。在单跳WDM网络中，光层提供通往更高层的光路。光路是光源和目的地之间的全光传输路径，在中间节点之间使用相同的波长。
Next generation Internet multimedia applications will increase the need for high throughput and low latency. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical networks have the potential for achieving these two goals by ooering unprecedented high bandwidth. One very important aspect of new Internet services is the support of multicasting. As such, support for multicasting in WDM networks becomes crucial if these networks were to play an eecient role in the next generation Internet. Multicasting in WDM networks supporting multimedia applications can be viewed as the process of taking a group communication request and selecting a multicast tree that satisses the quality of 1 2 service (QoS) requirements, in terms of bandwidth and end-to-end delay, of the underlying application. In this paper, we present a new class of low-cost, bounded-delay multicast heuristics for WDM networks. The heuristics use various techniques to establish a tree of semilightpaths between a source and a group of destination nodes. The unique feature of these heuristics is that they decouple the cost of establishing the multicast tree from the delay incurred by data transmission due to lightwave conversion and processing at intermediate nodes along the transmission path. INTRODUCTION The Next Generation Internet (NGI) technology will, for the most part, be driven by the increasing need for high throughput and low latency. Optical networks have the potential for achieving these two goals by ooering unprecedented bandwidth in a medium that is free from inductive and capacitive load-ings, thus relaxing the limitations imposed on the bandwidth-distance product 10, 15]. Optical bers may be used for transmitting terahertz signals in low attenuation passbands while maintaining low error rates and low sensitivity to noise 21, 11]. Although diierent types of photonic switching networks have been reported and demonstrated, Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) has emerged as one of the most attractive approaches for data transfer in interconnection networks 5, 11, 7, 19]. WDM divides the optical ber link spectrum into several channels, each corresponding to a diierent wavelength 1. An incoming wavelength in one input port can be routed to one or more output ports. Due to electromagnetic interference, however, the same wavelength coming from two separate input ports cannot be routed to the same output port. In single-hop WDM networks, the optical layer provides a lightpath to the higher layers. A lightpath is an all-optical transmission path between a source and a destination which uses the same wavelength between the intermediate nodes …