Do Cloud Properties in a Puerto Rican Tropical Montane Cloud Forest Depend on Occurrence of Long-Range Transported African Dust?

Do Cloud Properties in a Puerto Rican Tropical Montane Cloud Forest Depend on Occurrence of Long-Range Transported African Dust?
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波多黎各热带山地云林中的云特性是否取决于远距离输送的非洲沙尘的出现?

DOI:
10.1007/s00024-014-0830-y
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
W. Eugster
W. Eugster
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Spiegel;N. Buchmann;O. L. Mayol-Bracero;L. A. Cuadra Rodríguez;C. J. Valle Díaz;K. A. Prather;S. Mertes;W. Eugster

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我们调查了在皮科del Este(海拔1,051米)的热带山地云雾林中暖云的云特性。在波多黎各的东北部,以解决加勒比地区的云特性是否可能受到非洲尘埃穿越大西洋的影响的问题。我们分析了2011年7月12天内收集的数据。云滴尺寸谱是使用FM-100雾滴光谱仪测量的,该光谱仪主要在雾事件期间测量2至49 µm范围内的液滴尺寸分布。液滴尺寸谱显示出双峰结构,第一个峰(D< 6 µm)在液滴数量浓度方面更为明显,而第二个峰(10 µm <D< 20 µm)被发现与云的总液态水含量(LWC)有关。我们确定了三个主要集群的特征液滴尺寸谱的层次聚类。所有簇在液滴数浓度()、有效直径(艾德)和中位体积直径(MVD)方面彼此差异显著。对于由最大的液滴和最低的液滴数浓度组成的集群,我们发现了云中不均匀混合的证据。相比之下,其他两个集群显示的微物理行为,这可以预期在均匀混合条件下。在这些条件下,云凝结核的增加,来自非洲经过处理的尘埃被运送到现场,这应该会导致液滴浓度的增加。事实上,这两个集群中的一个显示出云滴大小谱向更小的云滴直径的明显转变。由于这一集群期间发生的强有力的证据表明,存在远程传输的非洲尘埃,我们假设在我们的网站,这是类似的人为气溶胶间接影响,在加勒比地区观察到的尘埃事件和云的特性之间的联系。
We investigated cloud properties of warm clouds in a tropical montane cloud forest at Pico del Este (1,051 m a.s.l.) in the northeastern part of Puerto Rico to address the question of whether cloud properties in the Caribbean could potentially be affected by African dust transported across the Atlantic Ocean. We analyzed data collected during 12 days in July 2011. Cloud droplet size spectra were measured using the FM-100 fog droplet spectrometer that measured droplet size distributions in the range from 2 to 49 µm, primarily during fog events. The droplet size spectra revealed a bimodal structure, with the first peak (D< 6 µm) being more pronounced in terms of droplet number concentrations, whereas the second peak (10 µm <D< 20 µm) was found to be the one relevant for total liquid water content (LWC) of the cloud. We identified three major clusters of characteristic droplet size spectra by means of hierarchical clustering. All clusters differed significantly from each other in droplet number concentration (), effective diameter (ED), and median volume diameter (MVD). For the cluster comprising the largest droplets and the lowest droplet number concentrations, we found evidence of inhomogeneous mixing in the cloud. Contrastingly, the other two clusters revealed microphysical behavior, which could be expected under homogeneous mixing conditions. For those conditions, an increase in cloud condensation nuclei—e.g., from processed African dust transported to the site—is supposed to lead to an increased droplet concentration. In fact, one of these two clusters showed a clear shift of cloud droplet size spectra towards smaller droplet diameters. Since this cluster occurred during periods with strong evidence for the presence of long-range transported African dust, we hypothesize a link between the observed dust episodes and cloud characteristics in the Caribbean at our site, which is similar to the anthropogenic aerosol indirect effect.
DOI: --
发表时间: 1994
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作者:
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2012
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作者:
H. Vugts;I. Calder;A. Dolman;H. Meijer;F. Scatena;R. Schemenauer;L. A. Bruijnzeel;F. Holwerda
通讯作者: F. Holwerda
DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002659
发表时间: 2003-10
影响因子: --
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P. Colarco;P. Colarco;O. B. Toon;J. Reid;J. Livingston;P. Russell;J. Redemann;B. Schmid;H. Maring;D. Savoie;E. Welton;E. Welton;J. Campbell;B. Holben;R. Levy
通讯作者: P. Colarco;P. Colarco;O. B. Toon;J. Reid;J. Livingston;P. Russell;J. Redemann;B. Schmid;H. Maring;D. Savoie;E. Welton;E. Welton;J. Campbell;B. Holben;R. Levy
波多黎各精灵森林的生态,3. 山顶和森林对 Pico Del Oeste 小气候的影响
DOI: --
发表时间: 1969
期刊: Journal of the Arnold Arboretum
影响因子: --
作者:
H. W. Baynton
通讯作者: H. W. Baynton