Do Cloud Properties in a Puerto Rican Tropical Montane Cloud Forest Depend on Occurrence of Long-Range Transported African Dust?
Do Cloud Properties in a Puerto Rican Tropical Montane Cloud Forest Depend on Occurrence of Long-Range Transported African Dust?
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波多黎各热带山地云林中的云特性是否取决于远距离输送的非洲沙尘的出现?
DOI:
10.1007/s00024-014-0830-y
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
W. Eugster
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Spiegel;N. Buchmann;O. L. Mayol-Bracero;L. A. Cuadra Rodríguez;C. J. Valle Díaz;K. A. Prather;S. Mertes;W. Eugster
We investigated cloud properties of warm clouds in a tropical montane cloud forest at Pico del Este (1,051 m a.s.l.) in the northeastern part of Puerto Rico to address the question of whether cloud properties in the Caribbean could potentially be affected by African dust transported across the Atlantic Ocean. We analyzed data collected during 12 days in July 2011. Cloud droplet size spectra were measured using the FM-100 fog droplet spectrometer that measured droplet size distributions in the range from 2 to 49 µm, primarily during fog events. The droplet size spectra revealed a bimodal structure, with the first peak (D< 6 µm) being more pronounced in terms of droplet number concentrations, whereas the second peak (10 µm <D< 20 µm) was found to be the one relevant for total liquid water content (LWC) of the cloud. We identified three major clusters of characteristic droplet size spectra by means of hierarchical clustering. All clusters differed significantly from each other in droplet number concentration (), effective diameter (ED), and median volume diameter (MVD). For the cluster comprising the largest droplets and the lowest droplet number concentrations, we found evidence of inhomogeneous mixing in the cloud. Contrastingly, the other two clusters revealed microphysical behavior, which could be expected under homogeneous mixing conditions. For those conditions, an increase in cloud condensation nuclei—e.g., from processed African dust transported to the site—is supposed to lead to an increased droplet concentration. In fact, one of these two clusters showed a clear shift of cloud droplet size spectra towards smaller droplet diameters. Since this cluster occurred during periods with strong evidence for the presence of long-range transported African dust, we hypothesize a link between the observed dust episodes and cloud characteristics in the Caribbean at our site, which is similar to the anthropogenic aerosol indirect effect.
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DOI:
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发表时间:
1994
期刊:
影响因子:
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作者:
T. Novakov;C. Rivera;J. Penner;C. F. Rogers
通讯作者:
C. F. Rogers
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
Adrian Newton
通讯作者:
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DOI:
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发表时间:
2000
期刊:
影响因子:
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作者:
H. Vugts;I. Calder;A. Dolman;H. Meijer;F. Scatena;R. Schemenauer;L. A. Bruijnzeel;F. Holwerda
通讯作者:
F. Holwerda
影响因子:
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作者:
P. Colarco;P. Colarco;O. B. Toon;J. Reid;J. Livingston;P. Russell;J. Redemann;B. Schmid;H. Maring;D. Savoie;E. Welton;E. Welton;J. Campbell;B. Holben;R. Levy
通讯作者:
P. Colarco;P. Colarco;O. B. Toon;J. Reid;J. Livingston;P. Russell;J. Redemann;B. Schmid;H. Maring;D. Savoie;E. Welton;E. Welton;J. Campbell;B. Holben;R. Levy
DOI:
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发表时间:
1969
期刊:
Journal of the Arnold Arboretum
影响因子:
--
作者:
H. W. Baynton
通讯作者:
H. W. Baynton