PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF ARTHROPOD VIRUSES IN PEST CONTROL
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF ARTHROPOD VIRUSES IN PEST CONTROL
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.en.21.010176.001513
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发表时间：
1976
影响因子：
23.8
通讯作者：
L. Falcon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Falcon
据报道，有700多种昆虫和螨虫患有病毒性疾病（15）。从250多种重要的农业昆虫和螨虫中分离出320多种病毒。在节肢动物病毒控制方面，至少对38种节肢动物进行了研究。从5种昆虫中提取节肢动物病毒的生产已由美国的私营企业在试点基础上工业化(9)。节肢动物病毒防治研究的主要害虫是世界上重要的粮食、纤维和森林作物害虫。所代表的是目前使用大量杀虫剂和植物保护专家最难控制的物种。1970年，在加利福尼亚州，这类昆虫（棉铃虫、粘虫、环虫、切虫、球蛾、卷叶蛾、冷蛾和柑橘红螨）造成的估计损害和作物损失总计超过7300万美元（53）。最近综述了节肢动物病毒的现状、特征、命名和分类（15）。到目前为止，节肢动物病毒有6个属，即杆状病毒（核多角体病毒和颗粒病病毒）、痘病毒（虫痘病毒）、虹膜病毒、细小病毒（Densonucleosis病毒）、En - tervirus和Rhabdovirus；一组，细胞质多面体；还有很多未分类的病毒。杆状病毒是最著名的节肢动物病毒，其中一些已被用于商业害虫防治(9)。在20世纪50年代，加利福尼亚的苜蓿种植者收集并利用核多角体病毒（NPV）来控制苜蓿毛虫（Colias eurytheme）（48）。多年来，美国各地的种植者和病虫害防治人员一直在田间收集和利用净pv来控制各种粮食作物上的白菜环虫（Trichoplusia ni）（73）。Spodoptera NPV已在加州进行了有限规模的应用
Over 700 species of insects and mites are reported to have viral diseases ( 15). More than 320 viruses have been isolated from over 250 insect and mite species of agricultural importance. At least 38 arthropod species have been examined in terms of control with arthropod viruses. The production of arthropod viruses from 5 insect species has been industrialized on a pilot basis by private enterprise in the United States (9). Most of the species investigated for control with arthropod viruses are important pests of food, fiber, and forest crops in the world. Represented are species for which large amounts of pesticides are currently used and which plant protection specialists have the greatest difficulty controlling. In the state of California, the combination of estimated damage and crop losses caused by species in this category (bollworm, armyworm, looper, cutworm, gelechiid moths, leafroller moths, codling moth, and citrus red mite) amounted to over $73 million in 1970 (53). The status, characterization, nomenclature, and classification of arthropod viruses was recently reviewed (15). Thus far, arthropod viruses are represented by six genera, namely, Baculovirus (nuclear polyhedrosis and granulosis viruses), Pox virus (Entomopoxviruses), Iridiovirus, Parvovirus (Densonucleosis viruses), En terovirus, and Rhabdovirus; one group, cytoplasmic polyhedroses; and many unclassified viruses. The species of Baculovirus are the best known arthropod viruses and some have been used for pest control on a commercial basis (9). During the 1950s, alfalfa growers in California collected and utilized nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) to control the alfalfa caterpillar (Colias eurytheme) (48). For many years growers and pest control operators in various parts of the United States have field collected and utilized NPV for the control of the cabbage looper ( Trichoplusia ni) on a variety of food crops (73). Spodoptera NPV has been utilized on a limited scale in California