Imparting High Conductivity to 3D Printed PEDOT:PSS
Imparting High Conductivity to 3D Printed PEDOT:PSS
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DOI：
10.1021/acsapm.3c00232
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发表时间：
2023-05
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Ian M. Hill;Victor Hernandez;Bohao Xu;Josiah A. Piceno;J. Misiaszek;Adrian Giglio;Emily Junez;Jiajun Chen;P. Ashby;Robert S. Jordan;Yue Wang
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文献类型：
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作者：
Ian M. Hill;Victor Hernandez;Bohao Xu;Josiah A. Piceno;J. Misiaszek;Adrian Giglio;Emily Junez;Jiajun Chen;P. Ashby;Robert S. Jordan;Yue Wang
复杂的 3D 几何形状和高电导率通常是导电聚合物相互排斥的特性。例如，聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）：聚（苯乙烯磺酸）（PEDOT：PSS）是一种基准导电聚合物，由于其对加工条件的敏感性，与 2D 加工薄膜相比，3D 打印形式的电导率通常低 1 至 2 个数量级。在这里，我们研究了电导率降低的主要原因，发现这是（1）墨水配方策略和（2）打印长丝的强烈横向相分离。克服这些因素的加工方法已将电导率显着提高至 1200 S/cm，高于典型的 2D 加工 PEDOT:PSS。我们的研究还揭示了一套优化直接墨水书写 (DIW) 印刷 PEDOT:PSS 电导率的指导原则，包括印刷方向、印刷床温度和喷嘴直径。凭借高电导率和 3D 几何自由度的结合，诸如具有应变无关电气行为的全向可变形 LED 器件以及复制人体部位形状的定制电子器件等潜在应用已得到证明。
Complex 3D geometry and high conductivity have generally been mutually exclusive characteristics for conducting polymers. For instance, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), a benchmark conducting polymer, typically exhibits conductivity 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower in 3D-printed forms compared to 2D-processed thin films, due to its sensitivity to processing conditions. Here, we investigate the main causes of this reduced conductivity, which are found to be (1) the ink formulation strategy and (2) the strong lateral phase separation of the printed filaments. Processing approaches that overcome these factors have produced significant conductivity enhancement to 1200 S/cm, higher than the typical 2D-processed PEDOT:PSS. Our study also unveils a set of guiding principles for optimizing the conductivity of direct ink writing (DIW)-printed PEDOT:PSS, including printing orientation, print bed temperature, and nozzle diameter. With the combination of high conductivity and 3D geometric freedom, potential applications such as omnidirectionally deformable LED devices with strain-independent electrical behavior and bespoke electronics that replicate the shape of human body parts have been demonstrated.