PAC1 Receptors: Shapeshifters in Motion.

PAC1 Receptors: Shapeshifters in Motion.
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DOI:
10.1007/s12031-018-1132-0
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发表时间:
2019-07
期刊:
Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Li J
Li J
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liao C;May V;Li J

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在常见的神话中,变形人是可以经历多种物理变化的实体。随着我们对G蛋白偶联受体(gpcr)的理解在过去二十年中的加速和完善,我们现在了解到gpcr不是静态的蛋白质,而是能够从一种姿态移动到另一种姿态的动态结构,并在每次转换中采用独特的功能特征。这种GPCR动力学模型奠定了我们目前对偏性激动剂的理解——同一受体的不同配体如何产生不同的细胞内信号——以及构成受体活性,或可被反向激动剂减弱的未结合的基础受体信号水平。根据相关B类受体的信息,我们最近建立了全长垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽(PACAP, Adcyap1)选择性PAC1受体(PAC1R, Adcyap1r1)的结构和分子动力学模型。B类受体与A类gpcr不同,部分原因在于存在一个大的细胞外结构域(ECD);ECD的转变以及PAC1R的跨膜结构域(TMD或7TM)的动力学描述了一系列开放和封闭状态构象,这些构象似乎确定了受体激活的机制。PAC1R的形态变化还具有描述机制和设计试剂的能力,这些试剂可能指导潜在治疗的偏向性激动作用(或拮抗作用)。
Shapeshifters, in common mythology, are entities that can undergo multiple physical transformations. As our understanding of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has accelerated and been refined over the last two decades, we now understand that GPCRs are not static proteins, but rather dynamic structures capable of moving from one posture to the next, and adopting unique functional characteristics at each transition. This model of GPCR dynamics underlies our current understanding of biased agonism—how different ligands to the same receptor can generate different intracellular signals—and constitutive receptor activity, or the level of unbound basal receptor signaling that can be attenuated by inverse agonists. From information derived from related class B receptors, we have recently modeled the structure and molecular dynamics of the full-length pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP, Adcyap1)—selective PAC1 receptor (PAC1R, Adcyap1r1). The class B receptors are different from the class A GPCRs in part from the presence of a large extracellular domain (ECD); the transitions of the ECD along with the dynamics of the transmembrane domains (TMD or 7TM) of the PAC1R describes a series of open- and closed-state conformations that appear to identify the mechanisms for receptor activation. The PAC1R shapeshifts also have the ability of delineating the mechanisms and the design of reagents that may direct biased agonism (or antagonism) for potential therapeutics.
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