Shock-induced energy conversion of entropy in non-ideal fluids

Shock-induced energy conversion of entropy in non-ideal fluids
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非理想流体中冲击引起的熵能量转换

DOI:
10.1017/jfm.2019.25
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Touber E
Touber E
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Touber E

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从塑造太空中的宇宙结构到在飞机发动机中产生强烈的声音,流体中的冲击波不可避免地将熵波动转化为旋转运动和声波。到目前为止,对内能到动能相应转换的研究仅限于理想(或理想化)流体。然而,许多物质不服从理想气体定律(包括上面两个例子中的物质)。目前的工作表明,非理想的热力学性质提供了一个显著程度的控制转换到螺线形和膨胀动能。特别感兴趣的是抑制大部分发射声场的能力,同时促进激波下游的混合。这可以通过利用激波绝热器的凸性(或缺乏凸性)来实现。虽然这里使用热力学临界点附近的致密蒸汽进行说明,但这种设计和控制特定冲击引起的能量转移的能力超出了近临界点现象;例如,激波混合物(火星上的高速尘埃流、用于制药的超音速膨胀器中的纳米颗粒形成)、反应锋面(超音速燃烧、火箭推进)、电离冲击(再入系统、惯性约束聚变)或活跃流体锋面(细菌和人群流动)。这项理论工作证明了线性理论的预测能力,为未来的实验研究奠定了基础,最终目的是利用流体的热力学性质,提供基于冲击的新型流动控制策略。
From shaping cosmic structures in space to producing intense sounds in aircraft engines, shock waves in fluids ineluctably convert entropy fluctuations into swirling motions and sound waves. Studies of the corresponding conversion from internal energy to kinetic energy have so far been restricted to ideal (or idealised) fluids. Yet, many substances do not obey the ideal-gas law (including those in the above two examples). The present work demonstrates that non-ideal thermodynamic properties provide a remarkable degree of control over the conversion to solenoidal and dilatational kinetic energies. Of particular interest is the ability to suppress much of the emitted acoustic field whilst promoting mixing downstream of the shock. This is made possible by exploiting the convexity (or lack thereof) of the shock adiabats. Whilst illustrated here using dense vapours near the thermodynamic critical point, this ability to design and control specific shock-induced energy transfers extends beyond near-critical-point phenomena; e.g. shocked mixtures (high-speed dusty flows on Mars, nanoparticle formation in supersonic expanders for drug manufacturing), reacting fronts (supersonic combustion, rocket propulsion), ionising shocks (reentry systems, inertial confinement fusion) or fronts in active fluids (bacterial and crowd flows). This theoretical work, which demonstrates the predictive capabilities of linear theory, lays the foundation for future experimental investigations ultimately aimed at delivering novel shock-based flow-control strategies exploiting the thermodynamic properties of the fluid.
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