Individual differences versus social dynamics in the formation of animal dominance hierarchies
Individual differences versus social dynamics in the formation of animal dominance hierarchies
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.082104199
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发表时间：
2002-04-16
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Manfredonia, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chase, ID;Tovey, C;Manfredonia, M
线性等级，即经典的啄食顺序结构，在自然界和实验室中，包括人类在内的许多物种中都很容易形成。然而，仅仅偶然得到线性结构的概率是相当低的。在本文中，我们研究了两种最常被提出来解释线性等级的假设：它们是由动物属性的差异预先决定的，或者它们是由社会互动的动态产生的，即它们是自组织的。我们以慈鲷作为模型动物来评估这些假设，尽管属性的差异起着重要作用，但我们发现社会互动对于具有线性等级的高比例群体是必要的。我们的研究结果表明，优势等级形成是一个比以前认为的更丰富、更复杂的现象，我们探索了这些结果对进化生物学、社会科学和使用动物模型来理解人类社会组织的影响。
Linear hierarchies, the classical pecking-order structures, are formed readily in both nature and the laboratory in a great range of species including humans. However, the probability of getting linear structures by chance alone is quite low. In this paper we investigate the two hypotheses that are proposed most often to explain linear hierarchies: they are predetermined by differences in the attributes of animals, or they are produced by the dynamics of social interaction, i.e., they are self-organizing. We evaluate these hypotheses using cichlid fish as model animals, and although differences in attributes play a significant part, we find that social interaction is necessary for high proportions of groups with linear hierarchies. Our results suggest that dominance hierarchy formation is a much richer and more complex phenomenon than previously thought, and we explore the implications of these results for evolutionary biology, the social sciences, and the use of animal models in understanding human social organization.