The use of brain imaging to elucidate neural circuit changes in cocaine addiction.
The use of brain imaging to elucidate neural circuit changes in cocaine addiction.
复制标题
使用脑成像来阐明可卡因成瘾的神经回路变化。
DOI：
10.2147/sar.s35153
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发表时间：
2012-09
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Canterberry M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanlon CA;Canterberry M
在物质滥用中，神经成像作为一种研究方法和临床工具在过去十年中经历了巨大的增长。将功能成像方法应用于可卡因依赖患者和治疗方案中的个人，发现可卡因的影响不仅限于富含多巴胺的皮质下结构，而且可卡因依赖患者的皮质投射区域也受到干扰。在这篇综述中，我们将首先描述几种正在被积极用于解决成瘾的功能和结构异常的成像方法。接下来将概述大脑皮质和皮质下区域，这是可卡因使用者最常被引用为功能障碍的区域。我们还将介绍目前用于研究可卡因使用者和戒毒者这些皮质和皮质下区域之间相互作用的功能连接性分析。最后，这篇综述将讨论最近的研究，这些研究表明，可卡因使用者功能连接性的改变可能与这些回路的结构病理有关，如扩散张量成像所证明的那样。通过在基础科学环境中和在寻求治疗的个人中使用这些工具，我们现在对导致最初渴望、依赖、禁欲和复发阶段的复杂皮质和皮质下网络有了更好的了解。尽管使用神经成像来预测治疗反应或识别脆弱人群的能力仍处于初级阶段，但未来十年，使用神经成像为个人量身定做行为或药物治疗干预措施的前景是巨大的。
Within substance abuse, neuroimaging has experienced tremendous growth as both a research method and a clinical tool in the last decade. The application of functional imaging methods to cocaine dependent patients and individuals in treatment programs, has revealed that the effects of cocaine are not limited to dopamine-rich subcortical structures, but that the cortical projection areas are also disrupted in cocaine dependent patients. In this review, we will first describe several of the imaging methods that are actively being used to address functional and structural abnormalities in addiction. This will be followed by an overview of the cortical and subcortical brain regions that are most often cited as dysfunctional in cocaine users. We will also introduce functional connectivity analyses currently being used to investigate interactions between these cortical and subcortical areas in cocaine users and abstainers. Finally, this review will address recent research which demonstrates that alterations in the functional connectivity in cocaine users may be associated with structural pathology in these circuits, as demonstrated through diffusion tensor imaging. Through the use of these tools in both a basic science setting and as applied to treatment seeking individuals, we now have a greater understanding of the complex cortical and subcortical networks which contribute to the stages of initial craving, dependence, abstinence, and relapse. Although the ability to use neuroimaging to predict treatment response or identify vulnerable populations is still in its infancy, the next decade holds tremendous promise for using neuroimaging to tailor either behavioral or pharmacologic treatment interventions to the individual.