Patterns, predictors and gender differences in HIV risk among severely mentally ill men and women
Patterns, predictors and gender differences in HIV risk among severely mentally ill men and women
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1018745119578
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发表时间：
1998-04-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Kelly, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Otto-Salaj, LL;Heckman, TG;Kelly, JA
多项研究表明，居住在大城市地区的患有严重精神疾病的男性和女性的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）血清流行率很高。很少有研究描述导致精神病患者感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的风险行为模式，以及心理、情境和性别相关对这一人群风险的影响。 134 名患有严重精神疾病的男性和女性报告了在排他性关系之外或与高风险伴侣发生性行为，完成了有关艾滋病毒风险的广泛测量。样本中对艾滋病毒的了解较低，性危险行为水平较高。平均而言，过去三个月中只有 32% 的性交场合使用了安全套，近一半的参与者报告在同一时期有多个性伴侣。样本中常见的模式是与药物使用相关的性别；强迫性行为，以性行为换取金钱、食物、衣服或住宿地点；以及与注射吸毒者发生性关系。预测较高风险的因素包括女性、目前处于恋爱关系、认为自己处于危险之中、酗酒以及降低风险的行为意图较弱；为患有严重精神疾病的男性和女性提供服务的心理健康项目正在覆盖感染 HN 感染风险较高的人群，并且可以作为有针对性的艾滋病毒预防干预措施的场所。
A number of studies have established high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence among severely mentally ill men and women living in large urban areas. Much less research has characterized the patterns of risk behavior that contribute to elevated vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among the mentally ill, as well as psychological, situational, and gender-related influences on risk in this population. One-hundred thirty-four severely mentally ill men and women who reported sexual activity outside of an exclusive relationship or with high-risk partners completed an extensive measure battery concerning HIV risk. Knowledge about HIV was low and sexual risk behavior levels were high in the sample. On average, condoms were used in only 32% of intercourse occasions in the past three months, and nearly one-half of participants reported multiple sexual partners in the same period. Patterns common in the sample were sex associated with substance use; coerced sex, bartering sex for money, food, clothes, or a place to stay; and sex with injection drug user partners. Factors predictive of greater risk were being female, presently being in a relationship, perceiving oneself to be at risk, high levels of alcohol use, and weak risk reduction behavioral intentions; Mental health programs serving severely mentally ill men and women are reaching a population at elevated risk for contracting HN infection, and can serve as a venue for targeted HIV prevention interventions.