New Technology and Regional Development Policy
New Technology and Regional Development Policy
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新技术与区域发展政策
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-46578-9_5
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Thwaites
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Goddard;A. Thwaites
不断扩大的地区差距一直是当前这场长期衰退的主要特征之一。落后的外围地区的经济一直建立在19世纪发展的行业(如煤炭、钢铁、纺织、重型工程)的基础上，随着这些行业开始遭受去工业化和失业的后果，其他更繁荣的中部地区也加入了20世纪初专门从事20世纪初的行业(如汽车、其他耐用消费品、化学品)的行列。这两类地区的大部分失业都发生在大公司中，这些公司一直在消除过剩产能和/或将投资转移到海外。区域差距加剧，因为与此同时，由于新技术产业和服务的兴起，少数地区的产出和就业出现了一些增长，其中许多与微电子技术的出现有关，这种增长大部分发生在新的和小型企业中，或者在该领域经营的有限数量的跨国企业中。随着这些趋势的出现，决策者传统上用来解决区域工业衰退问题的工具已经变得越来越不有效。由于新投资、产出和就业增长之间的长期关系在大多数行业已经破裂，为吸引新的、可能具有流动性的大公司投资进入落后地区的绿地而提供的一般资本补贴已不再产生理想的就业机会。在这种情况下，政策制定者转向促进新的和小型的高科技公司和吸引高科技投资，作为促进区域发展的一种新手段。建议地区发展科学园区，提供先进的电信服务，为小型高科技公司提供风险投资和其他服务，以支持当地
Widening regional disparities have been one of the key characteristics of the current long recession,. The lagging peripheral regions whose economies have been based on sectors developed in the 19th Century (eg coal, steel, textiles, heavy engineering) have been joined by other more prosperous and central regions specialising in the industries of the early 20th Century (eg motor vehicles, other consumer durables, chemicals), as these sectors have begun to suffer the consequences of deindustrialisation and job loss. Much of this job loss in both types of regions has occurred in large corporations who have been eliminating excess capacity and/or switching investment overseas. Regional disparities have been exacerbated because at the same time a limited number of areas have experienced some growth in output and employment due to the rise of new technology based industries and services, many associated with the emergence of microelectronics technology, with much of this growth taking place in new and small businesses or within the limited number of multinational enterprises operating in this field.As these tendencies have emerged the instruments that policy makers have traditionally used to tackle the problems of regional industrial decline have become less and less effective. General capital subsidies to attract new and potentially mobile investment in large firms to greenfield sites in lagging regions have no longer produced the desired jobs as the long established relationship between new investment, output and employment growth has broken down in most sectors. In these circumstances policy makers have turned to the promotion of new and small high technology firms and the attraction of high technology investment as a new means of promoting regional development. Recommendations are being made for areas to develop science parks, provide advanced telecommunication services, to provide venture capital and other services for small high technology firms, to support local