ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE ADAPTATION OF LOPHOPYRUM-ELONGATUM TO GROWTH IN SALINE ENVIRONMENTS
ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE ADAPTATION OF LOPHOPYRUM-ELONGATUM TO GROWTH IN SALINE ENVIRONMENTS
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.85.11.3805
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发表时间：
1988-06-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
ROSS, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DVORAK, J;EDGE, M;ROSS, K
Lophopyrum Loeve (Agropyron Geartn.) 属的大多数物种生长在盐分环境中，并且比相关的 Triticum L 属的物种更能耐受盐胁迫。来自杂交 Triticum aestivum cv. 的 56 染色体双倍体。中国春天.时代.根据在 250 mM NaCl 溶液培养中的植物干物质产量和种子产量的测量，长丝莲的耐盐性超过了中国春。因此，莲叶属对盐分环境的适应在小麦遗传背景中得到了体现。中国之春长叶藻染色体的二体性添加或取代均未表现出类似水平的耐盐胁迫能力，这表明该性状取决于多个染色体上的基因活性。对中国春和中国春的二体性添加、半二倍体杂交中的双单体添加和二体性取代的比较表明，双倍体增强的耐盐性主要是由对七个染色体中的三个（3E、4E和7E）影响较小的基因控制的，这些基因以很大程度上加性的方式相互作用。 L. elongatum 的耐盐性还取决于几个次要的非加性基因相互作用。结论是，L. elongatum 对盐环境生长的适应是通过在许多基因座中积累新等位基因而进化的，每个基因座对耐盐性的影响相对较小。进一步推断，这些新等位基因中的大多数与原始等位基因是共显性的，并且能够独立地发挥增强耐盐性的作用。
Most species of the genus Lophopyrum Loeve (Agropyron Geartn.) grow in saline environments and are more tolerant of saline stress than the species of the related genus Triticum L. A 56-chromosome amphiploid from the cross Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring .times. Lophopyrum elongatum exceeded Chinese Spring in salt tolerance, measured as plant dry-matter production and seed yield in solution cultures with 250 mM NaCl. Thus, the adaptation of Lophopyrum to saline environments is expressed in the wheat genetic background. None of the disomic additions or substitutions of L. elongatum chromosomes in Chinese Spring showed a similar level of saline stress tolerance, which indicates that the trait depends on the activity of genes on more than one chromosome. Comparisons of disomic additions, double monosomic additions from half-diallel crosses among disomic additions, and disomic substitutions of L. elongatum chromosomes in Chinese Spring with Chinese Spring indicated that the enhanced salt tolerance of the amphiploid is primarily controlled by genes with minor effects on three of the seven chromosomes, 3E, 4E, and 7E, interacting in a largely additive manner. The salt tolerance of L. elongatum additionally depends on several minor nonadditive gene interactions. It is concluded that the adaptation of L. elongatum to growth in saline environments evolved by accumulation of new alleles in a number of loci, each with a relatively small effect on salt tolerance. It is further inferred that most of these new alleles were codominant to the original alleles and were able to act independently in enhancing salt tolerance.