Children's memory distortions following social contact with a co-witness: disentangling social and cognitive mechanisms.
Children's memory distortions following social contact with a co-witness: disentangling social and cognitive mechanisms.
复制标题
与共同目击者进行社会接触后儿童的记忆扭曲：解开社会和认知机制。
DOI：
10.1080/09658211.2012.690039
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bright-Paul A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bright-Paul A
本研究考察了与共同证人一起回忆事件是否会影响儿童的回忆。个别3 - 5岁儿童（n= 48）与共同证人一起观看电影。参与者不知道的是，共同证人正在观看该电影的另一个版本。之后，共同证人和参与者一起回答关于电影的问题（公开回忆），然后测量孩子们与共同证人对事件的另一种说法一致的程度。随后，参与者再次被单独询问（私下回忆）。儿童还完成了错误信念和抑制控制任务。通过区分公开和私下的错误，结果表明，社会从众（32%的错误）和记忆扭曲（68%的错误）都在共同证人影响中起作用。抑制控制预测了私下收回错误的可能性，但只适用于失败的孩子（r= 0.66），而不是通过错误信念任务的孩子（r= - 0.10）。结果表明，有心理理论的孩子会在共同证人的陪伴下顺从以避免社交尴尬，而那些心理理论不佳的孩子则会在无法抑制共同证人的反应的基础上顺从。这些发现有助于我们理解幼儿时期共同见证从众的动机。
This study examined whether recalling an event with a co-witness influences children's recall. Individual 3–5-year-olds (n= 48) watched a film with a co-witness. Unbeknown to participants, the co-witness was watching an alternative version of the film. Afterwards both the co-witness and the participant answered questions about the film together (public recall), and the degree to which children conformed to the co-witness's alternative version of events was measured. Subsequently participants were questioned again individually (private recall). Children also completed false belief and inhibitory control tasks. By separating errors made in public and private, the results indicated that both social conformity (32% of errors) and memory distortion (68% of errors) played a role in co-witness influence. Inhibitory control predicted the likelihood of retracting errors in private, but only for children who failed (r=.66) rather than passed false belief tasks (r=−.10). The results suggest that children with a theory of mind conform in the company of the co-witness to avoid social embarrassment, while those a poor theory of mind conform on the basis of an inability to inhibit the co-witness's response. The findings contribute to our understanding of the motivations responsible for co-witness conformity across early childhood.