Evolution of signal emission by uninfested plants to help nearby infested relatives
Evolution of signal emission by uninfested plants to help nearby infested relatives
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10682-007-9165-9
复制
发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Yamamura, Norio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kobayashi, Yutaka;Yamamura, Norio
节肢动物的植食性往往会引起植物挥发物的释放，从而吸引植食性天敌。这种挥发物的诱导排放被认为是植物通过雇用保镖来有效防御食草动物的策略。最近的实证研究表明，这些挥发物也可以影响邻近的未受损害的植物，并导致它们二次释放挥发物。假设信号发射对植物造成了一定的代价，那么在这种次级信号的发射中，未受损植物的进化优势还不清楚。我们假设，植物已经进化到发出第二个信号，以帮助附近的亲戚，促进招聘天敌，从而增加包容性的健身。我们构建了一个模拟模型来评估这一假设。我们的模拟表明，如果满足以下五个条件，次级信号就会进化：信号的成本低;潜在的侵扰风险高;信号对天敌的吸引力与信号化学品的局部密度高度正相关;后代的扩散受到空间限制，导致种群粘性;有足够的空置空间，使人口具有弹性。
Herbivory by arthropods often induces the emission of plant volatiles, which attract natural enemies of the herbivores. This induced emission of volatiles is considered to be a strategy of plants to effectively defend against herbivores by employing bodyguards. Recent empirical research has revealed that these volatiles can also affect neighboring undamaged plants and cause them to emit volatiles secondarily. Provided that signal emission imposes some cost on plants, the evolutionary advantage to undamaged plants in the emission of such secondary signals is unclear. We hypothesized that plants have evolved to emit a secondary signal to help nearby relatives by promoting the recruitment of natural enemies, whereby they increase inclusive fitness. We constructed a simulation model to evaluate this hypothesis. Our simulations suggest that a secondary signal evolves if the following five conditions are met: the cost of the signal is low; the potential risk of infestation is high; the attractiveness of the signal to natural enemies is highly positively correlated with the local density of the signal chemical; dispersal of offspring is spatially restricted, causing population viscosity, and; sufficient vacant space is available, allowing the population to be elastic.