Recent advances in understanding Antarctic subglacial lakes and hydrology.
Recent advances in understanding Antarctic subglacial lakes and hydrology.
复制标题
了解南极亚冰湖和水文学的最新进展。
DOI：
10.1098/rsta.2014.0306
复制
发表时间：
2016-01-28
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Le Brocq AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Siegert MJ;Ross N;Le Brocq AM
现在有充分的文献记载，在南极冰盖的河床上存在着400多个冰下湖泊。它们包括各种尺寸和体积（从大约。250公里长的沃斯托克湖到长度不到1公里的水体），与许多离散的地形环境（从山谷内的地形环境到位于广阔平坦地形中的湖泊）有关，并表现出一系列动态行为（从周期性爆发的“活跃”湖泊到那些在水文上孤立了数百万年的湖泊）。在这里，我们批判了我们对冰下湖泊的理解的最新进展，特别是自2012年最后一次清查以来。我们表明，在3年内，我们的水文过程的知识在冰盖基地有很大的进步。我们根据对冰面变化的卫星观测，描述了进一步“活跃”冰下湖泊的证据，并讨论了为什么传统的无线电回声探测方法无法解决许多“活跃”湖泊的检测问题。我们继续审查南极洲大规模冰下水流的证据，包括发现由以前的水文过程开发的古老通道。最后，我们预测了未来可能发现的领域，包括地下水（即冰床界面下的水）的检测，测量和意义。
It is now well documented that over 400 subglacial lakes exist across the bed of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. They comprise a variety of sizes and volumes (from the approx. 250 km long Lake Vostok to bodies of water less than 1 km in length), relate to a number of discrete topographic settings (from those contained within valleys to lakes that reside in broad flat terrain) and exhibit a range of dynamic behaviours (from ‘active’ lakes that periodically outburst some or all of their water to those isolated hydrologically for millions of years). Here we critique recent advances in our understanding of subglacial lakes, in particular since the last inventory in 2012. We show that within 3 years our knowledge of the hydrological processes at the ice-sheet base has advanced considerably. We describe evidence for further ‘active’ subglacial lakes, based on satellite observation of ice-surface changes, and discuss why detection of many ‘active’ lakes is not resolved in traditional radio-echo sounding methods. We go on to review evidence for large-scale subglacial water flow in Antarctica, including the discovery of ancient channels developed by former hydrological processes. We end by predicting areas where future discoveries may be possible, including the detection, measurement and significance of groundwater (i.e. water held beneath the ice-bed interface).