Ground-based observation of lightning-induced nitrogen oxides at a mountaintop in free troposphere
Ground-based observation of lightning-induced nitrogen oxides at a mountaintop in free troposphere
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DOI：
10.1007/s10874-019-09391-4
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发表时间：
2019-06
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
R. Wada;Y. Sadanaga;Shungo Kato;Naoya Katsumi;H. Okochi;Yoko Iwamoto;K. Miura;H. Kobayashi;M. Kamogawa;J. Matsumoto;S. Yonemura;Y. Matsumi;M. Kajino;S. Hatakeyama
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文献类型：
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作者：
R. Wada;Y. Sadanaga;Shungo Kato;Naoya Katsumi;H. Okochi;Yoko Iwamoto;K. Miura;H. Kobayashi;M. Kamogawa;J. Matsumoto;S. Yonemura;Y. Matsumi;M. Kajino;S. Hatakeyama
雷电是氮氧化物（LNOx）的重要来源。lnox的实际全球产量在很大程度上仍不确定。造成这种不确定性的原因之一是现有的观测数据有限。我们于2017年夏季在富士山山顶（海拔3776米）的一个站点测量了总活性氮（NOy）、一氧化氮（NO）和二氧化氮（NO2）的浓度，并获得了氧化产物（NOz: NOz= NOy- NOx）。2017年8月22日观测到二氧化氮和二氧化氮增加。这些峰值没有伴随着CO的增加，这表明观测到的气团不包含燃烧产生的排放物。上述气团的反向轨迹表明，它穿过了发生闪电的地区。noy浓度也采用化学输运模型计算，该模型没有考虑闪电产生的nox。因此，可以通过从观测到的noy浓度中减去计算得到的noy来推断闪电引起的noy浓度。据估计，2017年8月22日13:00由闪电产生的noyv浓度为1.11±0.02 ppbv，占noyv总浓度的97±2%。no2和nozn在总no1中的含量分别为0.54±0.01和0.46±0.03。NO浓度低于检测限。我们首先通过地面观测观测到由闪电引起的nox浓度增加，并利用基于模式的计算证明了lnox的定量估计。
Lightning is an important source of nitrogen oxides (LNOx). The actual global production of LNOxis still largely uncertain. One of the reasons for this uncertainty is the limited available observation data. We measured the concentrations of total reactive nitrogen (NOy), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxides (NO2) and then obtained NOxoxidation products (NOz: NOz= NOy- NOx) at a station at the top of Mount Fuji (3776 m a.s.l.) during the summer of 2017. Increases in NOyand NO2were observed on 22 August 2017. These peaks were unaccompanied by increases in CO, which suggested that the observed air mass did not contain emissions from combustion. The backward trajectories of the above air mass indicated that it moved across areas where lightning occurred. The NOyconcentration was also calculated by using a chemical transport model, which did not take NOxproduced by lightning into account. Therefore, the NOyconcentration due to lightning can be inferred by subtracting the calculated NOyfrom the observed NOyconcentrations. The concentration of NOyat 13:00 on 22 August 2017 originating from lightning was estimated to be 1.11 ± 0.02 ppbv, which comprised 97 ± 2% of the total NOyconcentration. The fractions of NO2and NOzin the total NOywere 0.54 ± 0.01 and 0.46 ± 0.03, respectively. The NO concentration was below the detection limit. We firstly observed increase of concentrations of NOyoriginating from lightning by ground-based observation and demonstrated the quantitative estimates of LNOxusing model-based calculation.