From Association to Gist
From Association to Gist
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DOI：
10.1037/xlm0000938
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Bialer, D. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brainerd, C. J.;Chang, M.;Bialer, D. M.
我们消除了迪斯/罗迪格/麦克德莫特（DRM）错觉中的一个关键不确定性。DRM列表的平均后向联想强度（MBAS）是这种错觉的最佳预测因子，但它与列表和关键干扰项之间的语义关系混淆。因此，不清楚是联想关系、语义关系还是两者都引起了错觉。在实验1中，我们开发了一个工具来调查这个问题-一个规范的材料池，其中受试者评价的要点强度的120 DRM列表中变化很大的MBAS。这为每个列表产生了平均要点强度（MGS）统计量，这允许MGS和MBAS被工厂操纵。在实验2中，我们进行了DRM错觉的第一次MGS（高与低）x MBAS（高与低）析因研究。为了测量MGS和MBAS如何影响底层检索过程，我们实现了联合识别设计。对于原始记忆绩效，MGS影响关键干扰项的真识别和假识别，并且它影响列表词的真识别和假识别。MBAS并不影响列表词的真或假识别或关键干扰物的真识别。在错误识别关键干扰项的情况下，当MGS较低时，它在一个条件下有可靠的效果，但在另一个条件下没有效果。在提取过程水平上，MGS的增加增加了关键干扰词语义内容的熟悉度，也增加了列表词语义内容的熟悉度。
We removed a key uncertainty in the Deese/Roediger/McDermott (DRM) illusion. The mean backward associative strength (MBAS) of DRM lists is the best-known predictor of this illusion, but it is confounded with semantic relations between lists and critical distractors. Thus, it is unclear whether associative relations, semantic relations, or both foment the illusion. In Experiment 1, we developed a tool for investigating this question-a normed pool of materials in which subjects rated the gist strength of 120 DRM lists that varied widely in MBAS. This produced a mean gist strength (MGS) statistic for each list, which allowed MGS and MBAS to be manipulated factorially. In Experiment 2, we conducted the first MGS (high vs. low) x MBAS (high vs. low) factorial study of the DRM illusion. To measure how MGS and MBAS affect underlying retrieval processes, we implemented a conjoint recognition design. For raw memory performance, MGS affected both true and false recognition of critical distractors, and it affected both true and false recognition of list words. MBAS did not affect true or false recognition of list words or true recognition of critical distractors. With false recognition of critical distractors, it had a reliable effect in one condition when MGS was low, but it had no effect in another condition. At the level of retrieval processes, increasing MGS increased the familiarity of critical distractors' semantic content, and it also increased the familiarity of list words' semantic content.