Fate of Cd in Agricultural Soils: A Stable Isotope Approach to Anthropogenic Impact, Soil Formation, and Soil-Plant Cycling
Fate of Cd in Agricultural Soils: A Stable Isotope Approach to Anthropogenic Impact, Soil Formation, and Soil-Plant Cycling
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.7b05439
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发表时间：
2018-02-20
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Bigalke, Moritz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Imseng, Martin;Wiggenhauser, Matthias;Bigalke, Moritz
无机磷肥的施用会导致Cd的非预期输入，从而影响土壤肥力和农作物品质。在瑞士的三个耕地的Cd通量测定的所有输入（大气沉积，矿物磷肥，粪肥，风化）和输出（渗漏水，小麦和大麦收获）在一个水文年的详细分析。最重要的投入是矿物磷肥（0.49至0.57克镉公顷（-1）年（-1））和粪肥（0.20至0.91克镉公顷（-1）年（-1））。物质平衡显示，小麦种植的净Cd损失（-0.01至-0.49克Cd公顷（-1）年（-1）），但净积累的大麦（+0.18至+0.71克Cd公顷（-1）年（-1））。为了追踪土壤中Cd的来源和再分配过程，我们使用了Cd稳定同位素组成的自然变化。渗漏水（Δ Cd-114/110 = 0.39 ~ 0.79千分率）和植物收获物（0.27 ~ 0.94千分率）中的Cd同位素含量高于土壤（-0.21 ~0.14千分率）。因此，母质风化移动散装土壤同位素组成，以更轻的信号后，瑞利分馏过程（ε近似为0.16）。此外，土壤植物循环提取同位素重镉从底土，并将其转移到表土。这些长期的过程，而不是人为的输入决定了镉在我们的土壤中的分布。
The application of mineral phosphate (P) fertilizers leads to an unintended Cd input into agricultural systems, which might affect soil fertility and quality of crops. The Cd fluxes at three arable sites in Switzerland were determined by a detailed analysis of all inputs (atmospheric deposition, mineral P fertilizers, manure, and weathering) and outputs (seepage water, wheat and barley harvest) during one hydrological year. The most important inputs were mineral P fertilizers (0.49 to 0.57 g Cd ha(-1) yr(-1)) and manure (0.20 to 0.91 g Cd ha(-1) yr(-1)). Mass balances revealed net Cd losses for cultivation of wheat (-0.01 to -0.49 g Cd ha(-1) yr(-1)) but net accumulations for that of barley (+0.18 to +0.71 g Cd ha(-1) yr(-1)). To trace Cd sources and redistribution processes in the soils, we used natural variations in the Cd stable isotope compositions. Cadmium in seepage water (delta Cd-114/110 = 0.39 to 0.79 parts per thousand) and plant harvest (0.27 to 0.94 parts per thousand) was isotopically heavier than in soil (-0.21 to 0.14 parts per thousand). Consequently, parent material weathering shifted bulk soil isotope compositions to lighter signals following a Rayleigh fractionation process (epsilon approximate to 0.16). Furthermore, soil plant cycling extracted isotopically heavy Cd from the subsoil and moved it to the topsoil. These long-term processes and not anthropogenic inputs determined the Cd distribution in our soils.