Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch.
Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-018-0485-4
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发表时间：
2018-09
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Xia G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adli E;Ahuja A;Apsimon O;Apsimon R;Bachmann AM;Barrientos D;Batsch F;Bauche J;Berglyd Olsen VK;Bernardini M;Bohl T;Bracco C;Braunmüller F;Burt G;Buttenschön B;Caldwell A;Cascella M;Chappell J;Chevallay E;Chung M;Cooke D;Damerau H;Deacon L;Deubner LH;Dexter A;Doebert S;Farmer J;Fedosseev VN;Fiorito R;Fonseca RA;Friebel F;Garolfi L;Gessner S;Gorgisyan I;Gorn AA;Granados E;Grulke O;Gschwendtner E;Hansen J;Helm A;Henderson JR;Hüther M;Ibison M;Jensen L;Jolly S;Keeble F;Kim SY;Kraus F;Li Y;Liu S;Lopes N;Lotov KV;Maricalva Brun L;Martyanov M;Mazzoni S;Medina Godoy D;Minakov VA;Mitchell J;Molendijk JC;Moody JT;Moreira M;Muggli P;Öz E;Pasquino C;Pardons A;Peña Asmus F;Pepitone K;Perera A;Petrenko A;Pitman S;Pukhov A;Rey S;Rieger K;Ruhl H;Schmidt JS;Shalimova IA;Sherwood P;Silva LO;Soby L;Sosedkin AP;Speroni R;Spitsyn RI;Tuev PV;Turner M;Velotti F;Verra L;Verzilov VA;Vieira J;Welsch CP;Williamson B;Wing M;Woolley B;Xia G
高能粒子加速器对于深入理解基本粒子以及支配它们相互作用的力至关重要。为了提高粒子的能量或减小加速器的尺寸，需要开发新的加速方案。等离子体尾场加速就是一种很有前景的加速技术，在这种技术中，等离子体中的电子被激发，产生强电场（所谓的“尾场”）。实验表明，穿过等离子体的强激光脉冲或电子束能够产生每米数十吉伏及以上的电场——远远超过传统射频加速器所达到的电场（约每米0.1吉伏）。然而，激光脉冲和电子束储存的能量较低，这意味着需要多个加速阶段才能达到非常高的粒子能量。使用质子束很有吸引力，因为它们有可能在单个加速阶段驱动尾场并将电子加速到高能量。可以使用细长的质子束，因为它们会经历一种称为自调制的过程，这是一种粒子 - 等离子体相互作用，它将质子束纵向分裂成一系列高密度的微束，这些微束然后共振地产生大的尾场。欧洲核子研究中心的先进尾场（AWAKE）实验使用高强度质子束——其中每个质子的能量为400吉电子伏，导致质子束总能量为19千焦——在一个10米长的等离子体中驱动尾场。然后将电子束注入这个尾场。在此，我们展示了在AWAKE实验中电子被加速到高达2吉电子伏的测量结果，这证明了质子驱动的等离子体尾场加速。在各种等离子体条件下进行了测量，发现加速是一致且可靠的。这种方案在单个加速阶段产生非常高能量电子束的潜力意味着我们的结果是朝着未来高能粒子加速器发展迈出的重要一步。
通过将电子注入由快速运动的长质子束在10米长的等离子体中产生的电荷“尾迹”，电子在单个步骤中被加速到非常高的能量。
High-energy particle accelerators have been crucial in providing a deeper understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. To increase the energy of the particles or to reduce the size of the accelerator, new acceleration schemes need to be developed. Plasma wakefield acceleration, in which the electrons in a plasma are excited, leading to strong electric fields (so called ‘wakefields’), is one such promising acceleration technique. Experiments have shown that an intense laser pulse or electron bunch traversing a plasma can drive electric fields of tens of gigavolts per metre and above—well beyond those achieved in conventional radio-frequency accelerators (about 0.1 gigavolt per metre). However, the low stored energy of laser pulses and electron bunches means that multiple acceleration stages are needed to reach very high particle energies. The use of proton bunches is compelling because they have the potential to drive wakefields and to accelerate electrons to high energy in a single acceleration stage. Long, thin proton bunches can be used because they undergo a process called self-modulation, a particle–plasma interaction that splits the bunch longitudinally into a series of high-density microbunches, which then act resonantly to create large wakefields. The Advanced Wakefield (AWAKE) experiment at CERN uses high-intensity proton bunches—in which each proton has an energy of 400 gigaelectronvolts, resulting in a total bunch energy of 19 kilojoules—to drive a wakefield in a ten-metre-long plasma. Electron bunches are then injected into this wakefield. Here we present measurements of electrons accelerated up to two gigaelectronvolts at the AWAKE experiment, in a demonstration of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. Measurements were conducted under various plasma conditions and the acceleration was found to be consistent and reliable. The potential for this scheme to produce very high-energy electron bunches in a single accelerating stage means that our results are an important step towards the development of future high-energy particle accelerators. Electron acceleration to very high energies is achieved in a single step by injecting electrons into a ‘wake’ of charge created in a 10-metre-long plasma by speeding long proton bunches.
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影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Lotov, K. V.
通讯作者：
Lotov, K. V.
影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevstab.13.101301
发表时间：
2010-10-04
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
WALSH, FN
DOI：
10.1016/j.nima.2018.02.044
发表时间：
2018-11-12
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Pepitone, K.;Doebert, S.;Mitchell, J.
通讯作者：
Mitchell, J.