Invited review: climate change impacts in polar regions: lessons from Antarctic moss bank archives.
Invited review: climate change impacts in polar regions: lessons from Antarctic moss bank archives.
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特邀评论：气候变化对极地地区的影响：南极苔藓库档案的教训。
DOI：
10.1111/gcb.12774
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Royles J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Royles J
苔藓是极地和北方地区的主要植物，这些地区正在经历区域变暖的快速影响。长期监测计划提供了一些近期气候变化速率的记录，但苔藓泥炭银行包含了陆地植物南极系统过去气候变化的无与伦比的时间记录。我们总结了目前的理解的气候代理和苔藓生长的决定因素，对比大陆和海洋南极地区，通知13 C和18 O信号的有机物质。苔藓的积累率是三倍以上的海洋南极洲比南极洲大陆的生长季节长度是一个关键的决定因素的增长速度，高的碳同位素判别值反映最佳的水合条件。13 C和18 O值的相关图表明，物种（Chorisodontium aciphyllum /多毛菌strictum）和生长形式（丘/银行）是测量的同位素比值的主要决定因素。苔藓的生长形式，光合生理，水分状况和同位素组成之间的相互作用进行了比较与发展的次级代理，如叶绿素荧光。这些方法提供了一个框架，以考虑气候变化对陆地南极栖息地的潜在影响，以及对未来的研究温带，寒带和北极泥炭地的影响。在气候变化的情况下，北极有许多与苔藓有关的紧迫的生态和环境问题，但物种和生命形式的地理范围很难单独跟踪。我们的目标是将我们从南极洲更简单的系统中学到的知识应用于北极栖息地。
Mosses are the dominant plants in polar and boreal regions, areas which are experiencing rapid impacts of regional warming. Long‐term monitoring programmes provide some records of the rate of recent climate change, but moss peat banks contain an unrivalled temporal record of past climate change on terrestrial plant Antarctic systems. We summarise the current understanding of climatic proxies and determinants of moss growth for contrasting continental and maritime Antarctic regions, as informed by 13C and 18O signals in organic material. Rates of moss accumulation are more than three times higher in the maritime Antarctic than continental Antarctica with growing season length being a critical determinant of growth rate, and high carbon isotope discrimination values reflecting optimal hydration conditions. Correlation plots of 13C and 18O values show that species (Chorisodontium aciphyllum / Polytrichum strictum) and growth form (hummock / bank) are the major determinants of measured isotope ratios. The interplay between moss growth form, photosynthetic physiology, water status and isotope composition are compared with developments of secondary proxies, such as chlorophyll fluorescence. These approaches provide a framework to consider the potential impact of climate change on terrestrial Antarctic habitats as well as having implications for future studies of temperate, boreal and Arctic peatlands. There are many urgent ecological and environmental problems in the Arctic related to mosses in a changing climate, but the geographical ranges of species and life‐forms are difficult to track individually. Our goal was to translate what we have learned from the more simple systems in Antarctica, for application to Arctic habitats.