The Transmission of Respiratory Infections
The Transmission of Respiratory Infections
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DOI：
10.1177/003591576405700329
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发表时间：
1964-03
影响因子：
17.3
通讯作者：
R. Hare
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Hare
当呼吸道感染发生时，可以假设生物体通常在疾病潜伏期开始时到达接受者，并且来自另一名活跃感染者或携带者的鼻子或喉咙。这种转移的机制必须是非常有效的，因为至少这些疾病中的一些是极具传染性的。但是，尽管有很多理论试图解释它们是如何传播的，但在它们的形成过程中，虚构而不是事实发挥了太大的作用。因此，如果我详细讨论一下这件事，也许会有用。我认为，我们可以假设，无论它是如何发生的，传播几乎总是涉及三个不同的、在很大程度上独立的步骤：首先是生物体进入外部世界；第二种是它们的存活和转移到另一个人的鼻口或嘴唇；第三是它们从这些入口进入它们在鼻子，喉咙或肺部的繁殖地点。关于第三个步骤，我就不多说了。多年来，人们一直坚信，它是由受污染的物体与接受者的鼻子或嘴唇接触引起的。但是，尽管这种情况可能发生，但更有可能的是
When infection of the respiratory tract occurs, it can be assumed that the organisms will generally have reached the recipient at the start of the incubation period of the disease, and have come from the nose or throat of another human being who is actively infected or is a carrier. The mechanism by which this transfer is brought about must be highly efficient because some at least of these diseases are extremely infectious. But although there are theories in plenty purporting to explain how they are transmitted, fiction rather than fact plays all too large a part in their formulation. It may, therefore, prove useful if I discuss the matter in some detail. I think we can assume that, however it is effected, transmission will almost always involve three distinct and largely independent steps: The first is the egress of the organisms into the outside world; the second involves their survival and transportation to the nasal orifices or lips of another person; and the third is their passage from these portals of entry to their site of multiplication in the nose, throat or lungs. I shall say very little about the third of these steps. For many years it was firmly believed that it followed contact between a contaminated object and-the nose or lips of the recipient. But although this can occur, it is more probable that the