State of the UK climate 2017
State of the UK climate 2017
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DOI：
10.1002/joc.5798
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Legg, Tim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kendon, Mike;McCarthy, Mark;Legg, Tim
本报告提供了2017年历年英国天气和气候的摘要，以及一些重要气候变量的历史背景。这是年度“英国气候状况”系列出版物中的第四份，也是2016年报告的更新（Kendonet al.,）。它基于最新的气候质量观测数据集，对英国气候趋势、变化和极端事件提供了一个可访问的、权威的和最新的评估。这份报告的大部分内容是基于英国气象站网络对温度、降水、日照和风速的观测，这些气象站网络由英国气象局和一些主要合作伙伴及合作志愿者管理。这些观测经过精心管理，符合世界气象组织（WMO）确定的当前最佳实践观测标准。在申请进行气候监测之前，观测结果还要经过英国气象局一系列的质量保证程序。此外，还给出了近海岸海表温度和海平面上升的时间序列。该报告提供了2017年和最近十年（2008-2017年）的汇总统计数据，对比1961-1990年和1981-2010年的平均值。2008-2017年是一个非标准参考期，但它提供了英国最近10年气候经历的“快照”，并将其与历史记录进行了比较。这意味着2008-2017年与基准参考平均值之间的差异可能反映出短期的年代际变化以及长期趋势。这些数据显示的是近年来发生的情况，而不一定是在气候变化中预期会发生的情况。本报告中的大多数地图显示了2017年与1981-2010年基线参考平均时期的对比。，它们是异常图，显示了这种与平均值差异的空间变化。没有显示实际值的地图，因为这些地图主要由潜在的气候学决定，对于本报告而言，气候学与年度变化相比不那么重要。除非另有说明，本报告全文中的“高于正常水平”和“高于平均水平”等词是指1981-2010年的基准参考平均期。本报告各表中引用的值都是四舍五入的，但如果文本中引用了两个这样的值之间的差异（例如，将最近十年与1981-2010年进行比较），则从原始的未四舍五入值计算该差异。
INTRODUCTIONThis report provides a summary of the UK weather and climate through the calendar year 2017, alongside the historical context for a number of essential climate variables. This is the fourth in a series of annual “State of the UK climate” publications and an update to the 2016 report (Kendonet al.,). It provides an accessible, authoritative and up‐to‐date assessment of UK climate trends, variations and extremes based on the most up to date observational datasets of climate quality.The majority of this report is based on observations of temperature, precipitation, sunshine and wind speed from the UK land weather station network as managed by the Met Office and a number of key partners and co‐operating volunteers. The observations are carefully managed such that they conform to current best practice observational standards as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The observations also pass through a range of quality assurance procedures at the Met Office before application for climate monitoring. In addition, time series of near‐coast sea‐surface temperature and sea‐level rise are also presented.The report presents summary statistics for year 2017 and the most recent decade (2008–2017) against 1961–1990 and 1981–2010 averages. 2008–2017 is a non‐standard reference period, but it provides a 10‐year “snapshot” of the most recent experience of the UK’s climate and how that compares to historical records. This means differences between 2008–2017 and the baseline reference averages may reflect shorter‐term decadal variations as well as long‐term trends. These data are presented to show what has happened in recent years, not necessarily what is expected to happen in a changing climate.The majority of maps in this report show year 2017 against the 1981–2010 baseline reference averaging period—i.e., they are anomaly maps which show the spatial variation in this difference from average. Maps of actual values are not displayed because these are dominated by the underlying climatology, which for this report is of a lesser interest than the year‐to‐year variability.Throughout the report’s text the terms “above normal” and “above average” etc. refer to the 1981–2010 baseline reference averaging period unless otherwise stated. Values quoted in tables throughout this report are rounded, but where the difference between two such values is quoted in the text (for example comparing the most recent decade with 1981–2010), this difference is calculated from the original unrounded values.