Schwann cells as underestimated, major players in human skin physiology and pathology
Schwann cells as underestimated, major players in human skin physiology and pathology
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DOI：
10.1111/exd.14060
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发表时间：
2019-12-02
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Paus, Ralf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bray, Eric R.;Cheret, Jeremy;Paus, Ralf
雪旺细胞（Schwann cells，SC）在周围神经系统损伤后具有支持修复和促进轴突再生的能力。响应于神经损伤，它们迅速去分化成神经元样状态，分泌一系列炎性介质和生长因子，增殖，经历上皮至间充质样转化以促进迁移，吞噬细胞碎片并重塑细胞外环境以促进轴突通过损伤部位的再生。然而，尽管皮肤的作用越来越多地被认识到，我们认为在这篇观点文章中，皮肤感觉和神经修复之外的皮肤生理学和病理学中可能的复杂功能的SC值得更多的关注和系统的研究比他们迄今为止收到的。例如，SC促进伤口愈合，传播麻风病感染，支持神经纤维瘤/神经鞘瘤的生长，并促进/加速黑色素瘤的生长和侵袭。尽管代表了一个主要的真皮细胞群，相对较少的是仍然知道在其他皮肤病的SC的作用。为了典型地说明从新的皮肤研究中产生的机会，我们专注于两种传统上与SC无关的皮肤病，即银屑病和特应性皮炎（AD），因为两者都显示出明显的SC变化沿着连续的神经纤维变性和再生，以及去神经支配对皮肤病变的影响。具体而言，我们批判性地讨论了这一假设，即反复激活的SC修复程序发生在银屑病和AD和描绘实验方法如何探测这一临床相关的假设。
Schwann cells (SCs) have long been recognized for their ability to support repair and promote axon regeneration following injury to the peripheral nervous system. In response to nerve injury, they rapidly dedifferentiate into a precursor-like state, secrete an array of inflammatory mediators and growth factors, proliferate, undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transformation to facilitate migration, phagocytose cellular debris and remodel the extracellular environment to promote regeneration of axons through the site of injury. However, even though a cutaneous role for SCs is becoming increasingly recognized, we argue in this Viewpoint essay that the likely complex functions of SCs in skin physiology and pathology beyond skin sensation and nerve repair deserve more attention and systemic research than they have received so far. For example, SCs promote wound healing, disseminate infection in leprosy, support the growth of neurofibromas/schwannomas and facilitate/accelerate the growth and invasion of melanoma. Despite representing a major dermal cell population, comparatively little is still known about the role of SCs in other dermatoses. To quintessentially illustrate the opportunities that promise to arise from a new skin research focus on SCs, we focus on two dermatoses that are not traditionally associated with SCs, that is, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD), since both show distinct SC changes along with continuous nerve fibre degeneration and regeneration, and an impact of denervation on skin lesions. Specifically, we critically discuss the hypothesis that repeated activation of the SC repair programme occurs in and contributes to psoriasis and AD and delineate experimental approaches how to probe this clinically relevant hypothesis.