Costing the Earth
Costing the Earth
复制标题
让地球付出代价
作者：
P. Sukhdev
Pavan Sukhdev说，必须考虑到生物多样性的价值。现在是各国政府投资保障自然“公共产品”流动的时候了。本周的《自然》是纪念达尔文诞辰200周年的三期特刊(之前分别是2008年11月20日和2009年2月12日)中的第三期。主题是生物多样性以及如何保护它。尽管金狮金丝雀仍然濒临灭绝，但在一个很少成功的地区，它是一个保护成功的故事：随着金狮重新引入并努力保护其在巴西的森林栖息地，这种灵长类动物的数量已经稳定下来。生态系统服务的方法被许多人视为鼓励保护的关键，罗伯特·科斯坦萨和他的同事在1997年的《自然》杂志上发表了一篇评论，对包括生物多样性在内的一切事物都给予了价值，主要支持者格雷琴日报对此持乐观态度。在一篇评论文章中，Pavan Sukhdev提出了政府投资环境服务的理由，并将生物多样性的成本作为更广泛图景的一部分进行了适当计算。分类学家使用线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶基因的一部分作为DNA条形码：更有争议的是，Dan Mishmar和他的同事们提出，条形码不仅是物种关联性的有用句柄，而且是多样性的驱动力。随着哥本哈根会议的临近，威尔·特纳、迈克尔·奥本海默和大卫·威尔科夫解释了自然生态系统和生物多样性如何缓解气候变化。Robert Smith及其同事强调了地方机构--而不是非政府组织和新来者--在制定生物多样性目标方面的重要性。我们拥有的最好的生物多样性数据集是由古生物学家提供的：道格拉斯·欧文认为，通过采用物理学家使用的技术，他们可以利用这些数据做更多的事情。有关本期所有与达尔文有关的内容的列表，请参阅社论。所有这些内容，加上纯网络材料，都可以在http://www.nature.com/darwin上找到
。
The value of biodiversity must be accounted for, says Pavan Sukhdev. It is time for governments to invest to secure the flow of nature's 'public goods'. This week's Nature is the third of three special issues (previously 20 November 2008 and 12 February 2009) marking the Darwin bicentenary. The theme is biodiversity and how to preserve it. Though still endangered, the golden lion tamarin is a conservation success story in an area where successes are rare: with re-introductions and efforts to preserve its Brazilian forest habitat, the population of the primate has been stabilized. The ecosystem services approach exemplified by the 1997 Nature review by Robert Costanza and colleagues, which puts a value on everything including biodiversity, is seen by many as a key to encouraging conservation: Gretchen Daily, a leading proponent, is optimistic. In an Opinion piece, Pavan Sukhdev puts the case for governmental investment in environmental services, with biodiversity properly costed as part of the broader picture. Taxonomists use part of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase gene as a 'DNA bar code': more controversially, Dan Mishmar and colleagues propose that the bar code is not just a useful handle on the relatedness of species but a driver of diversity. With the Copenhagen conference looming, Will Turner, Michael Oppenheimer and David Wilcove explain how natural ecosystems and biodiversity can mitigate climate change. Robert Smith and colleagues stress the importance of local agencies — as opposed to NGOs and incomers — in setting biodiversity goals. The best biodiversity data set we have is provided by palaeontologists: Douglas Erwin thinks they could do more with it though, by adopting the techniques used by physicists. For a listing of all Darwin-related content from this issue, see the Editorial. All of this content, plus web-only material, is available at http://www.nature.com/darwin
.