Regional variability in black carbon and carbon monoxide ratio from long-term observations over East Asia: assessment of representativeness for black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission inventories
Regional variability in black carbon and carbon monoxide ratio from long-term observations over East Asia: assessment of representativeness for black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission inventories
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-20-83-2020
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发表时间：
2020-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Yongjoo Choi;Y. Kanaya;Seung-Myung Park;A. Matsuki;Y. Sadanaga;Sang-Woo Kim;I. Uno;Xiaole Pan;Meehye Lee;Hyunjae Kim;D. Jung
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yongjoo Choi;Y. Kanaya;Seung-Myung Park;A. Matsuki;Y. Sadanaga;Sang-Woo Kim;I. Uno;Xiaole Pan;Meehye Lee;Hyunjae Kim;D. Jung
抽象的。黑碳(BC)和一氧化碳(CO)排放比率是根据对东亚四个地点(包括韩国的两个地点(Baengnyeong和高山)和日本的两个地点(Noto和Fukuoka)在不受湿沉降影响的条件下的ΔBC/ΔCO比率的长期协调观测而估计和汇编的。时空覆盖范围的扩大使人们能够估计朝鲜的完全季节性，并首次阐明了排放比率。估算的比率被用来验证基于六个研究领域(“东中国”、“北中国”、“东北中国”、韩国、朝鲜和日本)的亚洲区域排放清单版本2.1。我们发现，四个采样点的ΔBC/ΔCO比值集中在一个很窄的范围内(6.2-7.9ngm−3 ppb−1)，这表明来自独立观测的结果是一致的，而且这些地区的源剖面也是相似的。来自可再生能源协定排放清单的BC/CO比率(东中国为7.7 ng m−3 ppb−1-韩国为23.2 ng m−3 ppb−1)被高估了1.1倍，韩国为3.0倍，而朝鲜的比率(可再生能源协定的3.7 ng m−3 ppb−1)被低估了2.0倍，这很可能是由于道路运输部门的排放不准确所致。Δ的BC/CO比率的季节变化在冬季(中国和朝鲜)或夏季(韩国和日本)最高，而测得的REAS BC/ΔCO比率在春季是所有来源区域中最高的，这表明在建立自下而上的排放清单时需要进一步描述季节性。在行政区层面，首尔、韩国西南部地区和中国东北地区高估明显，而朝鲜西部地区包括平壤则主要出现低估。这些诊断有助于确定需要对清单进行修订的区域，为完善东亚地区的BC和CO排放率估计提供指导。
Abstract. The black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission ratios were estimated and compiled from long-term, harmonized observations of the ΔBC∕ΔCO ratios under conditions unaffected by wet deposition at four sites in East Asia, including two sites in South Korea (Baengnyeong and Gosan) and two sites in Japan (Noto and Fukuoka). Extended spatio-temporal coverage enabled estimation of the full seasonality and elucidation of the emission ratio in North Korea for the first time. The estimated ratios were used to validate the Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 2.1 based on six study domains (“East China”, “North China”, “Northeast China”, South Korea, North Korea, and Japan). We found that the ΔBC∕ΔCO ratios from four sites converged into a narrow range (6.2–7.9 ng m −3 ppb −1) , suggesting consistency in the results from independent observations and similarity in source profiles over the regions. The BC∕CO ratios from the REAS emission inventory (7.7 ng m −3 ppb −1 for East China – 23.2 ng m −3 ppb −1 for South Korea) were overestimated by factors of 1.1 for East China to 3.0 for South Korea, whereas the ratio for North Korea (3.7 ng m −3 ppb −1 from REAS) was underestimated by a factor of 2.0, most likely due to inaccurate emissions from the road transportation sector. Seasonal variation in the BC∕CO ratio from REAS was found to be the highest in winter (China and North Korea) or summer (South Korea and Japan), whereas the measured ΔBC∕ΔCO ratio was the highest in spring in all source regions, indicating the need for further characterization of the seasonality when creating a bottom-up emission inventory. At levels of administrative districts, overestimation in Seoul, the southwestern regions of South Korea, and Northeast China was noticeable, and underestimation was mainly observed in the western regions in North Korea, including Pyongyang. These diagnoses are useful for identifying regions where revisions in the inventory are necessary, providing guidance for the refinement of BC and CO emission rate estimates over East Asia.