Neurotoxicity of pesticides: a brief review
Neurotoxicity of pesticides: a brief review
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DOI：
10.2741/2758
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Vitalone, Annabella
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Costa, Lucio G.;Giordano, Gennaro;Vitalone, Annabella
杀虫剂是广泛用于控制有害害虫（例如昆虫、杂草、真菌和啮齿动物）的物质。大多数农药的选择性不高，而且对包括人类在内的非目标物种也有毒。许多农药可引起神经毒性。杀虫剂通过针对昆虫的神经系统来杀死昆虫，对哺乳动物也有神经毒性作用。该化学品家族包括有机磷酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯、有机氯和其他化合物。杀虫剂会干扰化学神经传递或离子通道，通常会引起可逆的神经毒性作用，但这可能是致命的。一些除草剂和杀菌剂也被证明具有神经毒性。杀虫剂对神经系统的影响可能与大多数杀虫剂的急性毒性有关，或者可能导致慢性神经退行性疾病，尤其是帕金森病。这篇简短的综述重点介绍了一些主要的神经毒性农药、它们的作用和作用机制。
Pesticides are substances widely used to control unwanted pests such as insects, weeds, fungi and rodents. Most pesticides are not highly selective, and are also toxic to nontarget species, including humans. A number of pesticides can cause neurotoxicity. Insecticides, which kill insects by targeting their nervous system, have neurotoxic effect in mammals as well. This family of chemicals comprises the organophosphates, the carbamates, the pyrethroids, the organochlorines, and other compounds. Insecticides interfere with chemical neurotransmission or ion channels, and usually cause reversible neurotoxic effects, that could nevertheless be lethal. Some herbicides and fungicides have also been shown to possess neurotoxic properties. The effects of pesticides on the nervous system may be involved in their acute toxicity, as in case of most insecticides, or may contribute to chronic neurodegenerative disorders, most notably Parkinson's disease. This brief review highlights some of the main neurotoxic pesticides, their effects, and mechanisms of action.