EikoNet: Solving the Eikonal Equation With Deep Neural Networks

EikoNet: Solving the Eikonal Equation With Deep Neural Networks
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EikoNet:用深度神经网络求解 Eikonal 方程

DOI:
10.1109/tgrs.2020.3039165
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
8.2
通讯作者:
Ross, Zachary E.
Ross, Zachary E.
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Smith, Jonathan D.;Azizzadenesheli, Kamyar;Ross, Zachary E.

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最近的深度学习革命为在基于物理的模拟环境中加速计算能力创造了巨大的机会。在这篇文章中,我们提出了EikoNet,一种求解Eikonal方程的深度学习方法,它表征了非均匀三维速度结构中的初达-时间场。我们的无网格方法允许快速确定连续3-D区域内任意两点之间的旅行时间。这些旅行时间解被允许违反微分方程-将问题归结为优化问题-目标是找到将违反方程的程度降至最低的网络参数。在这样做的过程中,该方法利用神经网络的可微性来解析地计算空间梯度,这意味着网络可以自己训练,而不需要有限差分算法的解。EikoNet在几种速度模型和采样方法上进行了严格的测试,以证明其健壮性和通用性。训练和推理高度并行化,使得该方法非常适合于GPU。EikoNet具有较低的内存开销,进一步避免了旅行时间查找表的需要。该方法在地震震源反演、射线多路径处理和层析成像模拟以及地震学以外的其他领域都有重要的应用,其中射线追踪是必不可少的。
The recent deep learning revolution has created enormous opportunities for accelerating compute capabilities in the context of physics-based simulations. In this article, we propose EikoNet, a deep learning approach to solving the Eikonal equation, which characterizes the first-arrival-time field in heterogeneous 3-D velocity structures. Our grid-free approach allows for rapid determination of the travel time between any two points within a continuous 3-D domain. These travel time solutions are allowed to violate the differential equation—which casts the problem as one of optimization—with the goal of finding network parameters that minimize the degree to which the equation is violated. In doing so, the method exploits the differentiability of neural networks to calculate the spatial gradients analytically, meaning that the network can be trained on its own without ever needing solutions from a finite-difference algorithm. EikoNet is rigorously tested on several velocity models and sampling methods to demonstrate robustness and versatility. Training and inference are highly parallelized, making the approach well-suited for GPUs. EikoNet has low memory overhead and further avoids the need for travel-time lookup tables. The developed approach has important applications to earthquake hypocenter inversion, ray multipathing, and tomographic modeling, as well as to other fields beyond seismology where ray tracing is essential.
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