Condition‐dependence and sexual ornamentation: Effects of immune challenges on a highly sexually dimorphic grasshopper
Condition‐dependence and sexual ornamentation: Effects of immune challenges on a highly sexually dimorphic grasshopper
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条件依赖性和性装饰：免疫挑战对高度性二态性蚱蜢的影响
DOI：
10.1111/1744-7917.12448
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Schielzeth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Valverde;Eggert;Schielzeth
性装饰对表型多样性的贡献很大，对理解它们的进化尤为重要。装饰物可以承担质量信号的功能，挑剔的性别用它来评估潜在的交配对象。通常没有明显的直接利益，在配偶选择上的投资主要是通过遗传给后代的有益等位基因得到回报。两性间通过性装饰进行的交流需要性信号的诚实，但保持诚实的问题只得到了部分解决。一种解决方案是，诚实是通过依赖于个体条件的特征表达来维持的，因为条件依赖的特征表达提供了一个有效的取之不尽的遗传变异来源。在这里，我们测试了高度性别二态的棍棒腿蝗虫gomphocerus sibiricus假定的性装饰，特别是引人注目的前腿棍棒，比假定的非性选择性状更强烈地受到脂多糖（LPS）免疫挑战的影响。我们的研究结果显示，总体而言，形态和歌曲特征的条件依赖性很小，性选择的特征表现出与非性选择的特征相当的效果（鸣声文件长度和广告歌曲中的音节停顿比可能例外）。有趣的是，对致命寄生个体的实地观察表明，非常强烈的环境挑战可以特别影响前腿俱乐部的表达。在自然种群中，1%的雄性缺失或严重畸形的棍棒加上5%的轻微畸形的棍棒进一步表明，在最终蜕皮过程中存在与棍棒发育相关的风险，这可能起到过滤有害等位基因的作用。
Sexual ornaments contribute substantially to phenotypic diversity and it is particularly relevant to understand their evolution. Ornaments can assume the function of signals‐of‐quality that the choosy sex uses to evaluate potential mating partners. Often there are no obvious direct benefits and investment into mate choice is primarily rewarded by beneficial alleles that are inherited to the offspring. Inter‐sexual communication via sexual ornaments requires honesty of the sexual signal, yet the question of what maintains honesty remains only partially solved. One solution is that honesty is maintained by trait expression being dependent on individual condition, since condition‐dependent trait expression offers an effectively inexhaustible source of genetic variability. Here we test in the highly sexually dimorphic club‐legged grasshopperGomphocerus sibiricusif putative sexual ornaments, in particular the striking front‐leg clubs, are more strongly affected by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immune challenge than putatively not sexually selected traits. Our results show overall little condition‐dependent expression of morphological and song traits, with sexually selected traits exhibiting effects comparable to nonsexually selected traits (with the possible exception of stridulatory file length and syllable‐to‐pause ratio in advertisement songs). Interestingly, field observations of individuals of lethally parasitized individuals suggest that a very strong environmental challenge can specifically affect the expression of the front‐leg clubs. The presence of 1% of males in natural populations with missing or heavily deformed clubs plus 5% with minor club deformations furthermore indicate that there are risks associated with club development during final ecdysis and this might act as a filter against deleterious alleles.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
C. Da Silva;G. Dunphy;M. Rau
通讯作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
影响因子：
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作者：
L. Simmons;M. Ritchie
通讯作者：
M. Ritchie
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1996.0207
发表时间：
1996-10-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Rowe, L;Houle, D
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Tchernichovski, O;Nottebohm, F;Mitra, PP
通讯作者：
Mitra, PP