The Role of HIV Replicative Fitness in Perinatal Transmission of HIV
The Role of HIV Replicative Fitness in Perinatal Transmission of HIV
复制标题
HIV 复制适应性在 HIV 围产期传播中的作用
DOI：
10.1007/s12250-011-3180-2
复制
发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Kong, Xiao-hong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Xue-qing;Liu, Chang;Kong, Xiao-hong
人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 的围产期传播，也称为母婴传播 (MTCT)，占全世界婴儿感染的 90%，并且在未经治疗的 HIV-1 感染母亲所生的儿童中，有 30%-45% 的儿童发生这种情况。在感染 HIV-1 的母亲中，一些病毒会从母亲传播给婴儿，而另一些则不会。病毒学特性与 HIV-1 引起的发病机制之间的关系仍不清楚。先前的研究表明，母体中和抗体是围产期 HIV-1 传播中选择压力的一个明显来源。最近的研究表明，当两种病毒一起生长时，成功传播给儿童的病毒比未传播的病毒具有生长优势。此外，较高的适应度是由病毒包膜的 gp120 蛋白决定的。这表明，无论传播途径如何，具有较高适应性的病毒都会选择性传播。导致选择性传播的因素有很多，其中HIV复制适应性是一个不容忽视的重要因素。本综述总结了目前关于 HIV 复制适应性在 HIV 母婴传播中的作用以及病毒适应性对 MTCT 影响的决定因素的知识。
Perinatal transmission of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), also called mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), accounts for 90% of infections in infants worldwide and occurs in 30%-45% of children born to untreated HIV-1 infected mothers. Among HIV-1 infected mothers, some viruses are transmitted from mothers to their infants while others are not. The relationship between virologic properties and the pathogenesis caused by HIV-1 remains unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated that one obvious source of selective pressure in the perinatal transmission of HIV-1 is maternal neutralizing antibodies. Recent studies have shown that viruses which are successfully transmitted to the child have growth advantages over those not transmitted, when those two viruses are grown together. Furthermore, the higher fitness is determined by the gp120 protein of the virus envelope. This suggests that the selective transmission of viruses with higher fitness occurred exclusively, regardless of transmission routes. There are many factors contributing to the selective transmission and HIV replicative fitness is an important one that should not be neglected. This review summarizes current knowledge of the role of HIV replicative fitness in HIV MTCT transmission and the determinants of viral fitness upon MTCT.