As Time Goes By: Temporal Constraints in Working Memory
As Time Goes By: Temporal Constraints in Working Memory
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DOI：
10.1177/0963721412459513
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Camos, Valerie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barrouillet, Pierre;Camos, Valerie
工作记忆是致力于同时处理和存储执行许多认知任务所需的信息的系统。我们提出了一个理论，假设时间限制是工作记忆的主要限制。根据我们的理论，加工和存储争夺注意力，这构成了有限的资源。一旦注意力转移，记忆痕迹就会在时间上衰退，但如果把它们重新放到注意力的焦点上，它们就会被刷新。由于中央瓶颈限制了需要注意力的受控认知活动，因此它们必须一次只发生一个，当中央瓶颈被处理活动占据时，记忆痕迹就会下降。这导致工作记忆的顺序功能在处理和维持之间交替，导致这两种活动之间的权衡。我们回顾了这种权衡的经验证据，并讨论了其在发展过程中对工作记忆容量增加的影响。
Working memory is the system devoted to the simultaneous processing and storage of information needed to perform many cognitive tasks. We present a theory that assumes that time constraints constitute the main limitation of working memory. According to our theory, processing and storage compete for attention, which constitutes a limited resource. As soon as attention is switched away, memory traces suffer from temporal decay, but they can be refreshed by bringing them back into the focus of attention. Because a central bottleneck constrains controlled cognitive activities that require attention so that they must take place one at a time, memory traces decline when the central bottleneck is occupied by processing activities. This results in a sequential functioning of working memory that alternates between processing and maintenance, leading to a trade-off between these two activities. We review empirical evidence of this trade-off and discuss its implications for the increase in working memory capacity over the course of development.